TABLE 3.
Univariate and Multiple Logistic Regression of Utilization Using Demographic, Disease, and Clinical Characteristics as Predictors of Utilization Among Cohort of 454 Patients with Crohn’s Disease
| Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95%) | P | |
| Female sex | 0.77 (0.48–1.26) | 0.30 | — | — |
| Age group | ||||
| 16–30 | Ref | Ref | ||
| 31–50 | 1.04 (0.61–1.78) | 0.87 | — | — |
| >50 | 0.89 (0.44–1.81) | 0.75 | ||
| Race | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | ||
| Black | 1.24 (0.59–2.61) | 0.58 | — | — |
| Asian | 2.35 (0.42–13.09) | 0.33 | ||
| Hispanic | 0.59 (0.07–4.77) | 0.62 | ||
| Other/unknown | NA | NA | ||
| Insurance coverage | ||||
| Commercial | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Medicare | 1.92 (0.85–4.32) | 0.12 | 1.12 (0.42–2.99) | 0.82 |
| Medical assistance | 6.38 (2.63–15.49) | <0.0001 | 5.03 (1.79–14.12) | 0.002 |
| None | 1.77 (0.18–17.36) | 0.62 | 1.27 (0.11–15.00) | 0.85 |
| Smoking status | ||||
| Never smoked | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Former smoker | 2.42 (1.36–4.31) | 0.003 | 2.18 (1.05–4.52) | 0.04 |
| Current smoker | 1.68 (0.80–3.51) | 0.17 | 1.02 (0.42–2.45) | 0.97 |
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | Ref | Ref | ||
| Underweight (<18.5) | 1.75 (0.74–4.14) | 0.19 | — | — |
| Overweight (25.0–29.9) | 0.76 (0.42–1.39) | 0.38 | ||
| Obese (>30) | 0.71 (0.37–1.37) | 0.30 | ||
| Crohn’s disease location | ||||
| Ileal | Ref | Ref | ||
| Colonic | 0.66 (0.34–1.29) | 0.23 | — | — |
| Ileocolonic | 0.68 (0.39–1.21) | 0.19 | ||
| Disease behavior | ||||
| Inflammatory | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Stricturing | 2.15 (1.19–3.89) | 0.01 | 3.40 (1.66–6.97) | <0.001 |
| Penetrating | 2.08 (1.05–4.13) | 0.04 | 3.60 (1.56–8.26) | 0.003 |
| IBD-related surgery | 1.46 (0.88–2.41) | 0.14 | — | — |
| IBD in first degree relative | 1.70 (0.93–3.11) | 0.08 | 1.62 (0.79–3.34) | 0.19 |
| History of C. difficile infection | 2.22 (1.01–4.87) | 0.04 | 1.53 (0.56–4.14) | 0.41 |
| Current medications, n (%) | ||||
| Aminosalicylates | 0.99 (0.58–1.69) | 0.96 | — | — |
| Steroids | 2.21 (1.33–3.66) | 0.002 | 2.18 (1.20–3.94) | 0.01 |
| Biologics | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) | 0.57 | — | — |
| Immunomodulators | 1.13 (0.64–2.00) | 0.67 | — | — |
| Antibiotics | 1.39 (0.69–2.79) | 0.34 | — | — |
| Narcotics | 3.38 (2.02–5.66) | <0.0001 | 2.40 (1.25–4.59) | 0.009 |
| Moderate to severe depression | 1.51 (0.91–2.51) | 0.11 | — | — |
| Poor Quality of life (SIBDQ <50) | 2.57 (1.45–4.56) | 0.001 | 2.08 (1.01–4.29) | 0.046 |
| Tachycardia (Heart rate>100/min) | 1.71 (0.88–3.31) | 0.11 | — | — |
| Harvey-Bradshaw Index, ≥ 4 | 1.72 (1.04–2.84) | 0.03 | 1.09 (0.57–2.08) | 0.79 |
| Elevated C-reactive protein (>3) | 1.53 (0.92–2.55) | 0.10 | 2.11 (1.14–3.89) | 0.017 |
| Hypoalbuminemia (< 3.5) | 0.73 (0.43–1.26) | 0.26 | — | — |
Abbreviation: HR, heart rate