Fig. 3.

Gene expression changes in SiMa and IMR-32 cell line differentiated for seven days. The mRNA expression was first normalized using GAPDH, TUBB3, B2M, RPL13A and RPL19 for the SiMa cell line and GAPDH, HPRT, H3F3B and RPL19 for IMR-32 cells. Bar diagram over average relative mRNA expression level with error bars indicating standard error of the mean (SEM). Controls (open barn) set to 100% for each target, and expression in treated samples (colored bars) compared to each control. T-tests were performed for gene expression changes between five biological replicates for control (n = 5) and treated cells (n = 5), where *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. a SiMa cells cultured in serum-free media with B27/N2. Altered gene expression was seen for SV2B (p = 0.0047), CHAT (p = 0.0230), NET (p = 0.0011), SNAP25 (p = 0.0004) and FGFR3 (p = 0.0063) compared with cells cultured in serum-free media. b SiMa cells cultured in serum-reduced media supplemented with 1 µM all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Altered gene expression could be found for NET (p = 0.0058). c SiMa cells cultured in serum-reduced media with 1 µM vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). No alterations in gene expression were found compared with vehicle controls. d IMR-32 cells cultured in serum-free media with B27/N2. Altered gene expression was seen for SV2B (p = 0.0332), and CHAT (p = 0.0050) compared to cells cultured in serum-free media. e IMR-32 cells cultured in serum-reduced media supplemented with 1 µM all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). Here, n = 4 for each group was used. No gene alterations were seen for this treatment compared with vehicle controls. f IMR-32 cells cultured in serum-reduced media with 1 µM vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Altered gene expression was seen for SV2C (p = 0.0227), and DAT (p = 0.0019) compared with cells cultured in serum-free media