TABLE 1.

CRISPR-meditated gene knockout in livestock: agricultural applications.

Species	Gene	Purpose of manipulation	Approach	Mosaicism (%)	References
Sheep	ASIP	Coat color pattern	MI	2/5 (40.0%)	Zhang X. et al. (2017)
	FGF5	Wool growth	MI	(6.3–100%)	Hu et al. (2017), Li W. R. et al. (2017), Zhang R. et al. (2020)
	MSTN, ASIP, and BCO2	Economically important traits	MI	2/2 (100%)	Wang X. et al. (2016b)
	MSTN	Meat production	MI or SCNT	(0–100%)	Deng et al. (2014); Crispo et al. (2015), Zhang Y. et al. (2019); Yi et al. (2020)
Goat	BLG	Milk quality	MI	3/4 (75.0%)	Zhou et al. (2017)
	MSTN and FGF5	Meat and cashmere production	MI	5/10 (50.0%)	Wang X. et al. (2015a)
	MSTN	Meat production	MI or SCNT	(0–100%)	Ni et al. (2014); Guo et al. (2016), He et al. (2018); Zhang Y. et al. (2019)
	NANOS2	Surrogate sires for genetic dissemination	SCNT	N/A	Ciccarelli et al. (2020)
	EDAR	Cashmere yield	SCNT	N/A	Hao et al. (2018)
Pig	IGF2 regulatory element	Meat production	MI (nCas9)	6/6 (100%)	Xiang et al. (2018)
	NANOS2	Surrogate sires for genetic dissemination	MI	6/18 (33.3%)	Park et al. (2017)
	ANPEP	Viral resistance	MI	1/9 (11.1%)	Whitworth et al. (2019)
	CD163	Resistance to PRRS virus	MI, EP, or SCNT	No	Whitworth et al. (2014); Yang et al. (2018), Tanihara et al. (2019)
	IRX3	Reduced fat content in Bama minipigs	SCNT	N/A	Zhu et al. (2020)
	NANOS2	Surrogate sires for genetic dissemination	SCNT	N/A	Ciccarelli et al. (2020)
	MSTN	Meat production	SCNT	N/A	Wang K. et al. (2015), Wang K. et al. (2017), Li R. et al. (2020)
	CD163 and pAPN	Viral resistance	SCNT	N/A	Xu et al. (2020)
	FBXO40	Meat production	SCNT	N/A	Zou et al. (2018)
Cattle	NANOS2	Surrogate sires for genetic dissemination	MI	1/3 (33.3%)	Ciccarelli et al. (2020)

SCNT, somatic cell nuclear transfer; MI, zygote microinjection; EP, zygote electroporation; nCas9, Cas9 nickase; N/A, not applicable.