Table 2.
Overview of the regional cortical changes in the concentrations of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) measured during the Sternberg task (ST) and their correlations with measures of handgrip strength and cognitive performance
| Channels | Median ± IQR | Non-parametric partial correlations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| OxyHb (µmol/L) | AHS (left/right) | NHS (left/right) | Reaction time in ST/correct answers in ST | |
| 1 (rt. DLPFC; BA9) | 0.017 ± 0.028 | rp (35) = 0.179; p = 0.288/rp (35) = 0.241; p = 0.151 | rp (35) = 0.145; p = 0.391/rp (35) = 0.190; p = 0.260 | rp (35) = − 0.417; p = 0.010/rp (35) = 0.401; p = 0.014 |
| 2 (rt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.013 ± 0.058 | rp (35) = 0.287; p = 0.085/rp (35) = 0.161; p = 0.340 | rp (35) = 0.210; p = 0.212/rp (35) = 0.134; p = 0.430 | rp (35) = − 0.426; p = 0.009/rp (35) = 0.206; p = 0.222 |
| 3 (rt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.017 ± 0.053 | rp (34) = 0.021; p = 0.905/rp (34) = 0.075; p = 0.663 | rp (34) = 0.036; p = 0.833/rp (34) = 0.108; p = 0.530 | rp (34) = − 0.388; p = 0.019/rp (34) = 0.241; p = 0.156 |
| 4 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.018 ± 0.073 | rp (35) = − 0.021; p = 0.903/rp (35) = − 0.007; p = 0.968 | rp (35) = − 0.094; p = 0.581/rp (35) = − 0.061; p = 0.719 | rp (35) = − 0.170; p = 0.316/rp (35) = 0.249; p = 0.138 |
| 5 (rt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.016 ± 0.052 | rp (32) = 0.359; p = 0.037/rp (32) = 0.257; p = 0.143 | rp (32) = 0.225; p = 0.202/rp (32) = 0.147; p = 0.407 | rp (32) = − 0.404; p = 0.018/rp (32) = 0.177; p = 0.317 |
| 6 (rt. DLPFC; BA 46) | 0.021 ± 0.077 | rp (34) = 0.157; p = 0.360/rp (34) = 0.174; p = 0.310 | rp (34) = 0.087; p = 0.613/rp (34) = 0.161; p = 0.347 | rp (34) = − 0.431; p = 0.009/rp (34) = 0.227; p = 0.182 |
| 7 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.012 ± 0.035 | rp (34) = 0.005; p = 0.979/rp (34) = 0.053; p = 0.759 | rp (34) = − 0.068; p = 0.692/rp (34) = 0.009; p = 0.958 | rp (34) = 0.091; p = 0.598/rp (34) = − 0.160; p = 0.351 |
| 8 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.008 ± 0.049 | rp (35) = 0.142; p = 0.402/rp (35) = 0.128; p = 0.451 | rp (35) = 0.013; p = 0.940/rp (35) = 0.008; p = 0.964 | rp (35) = − 0.299; p = 0.072/rp (35) = 0.145; p = 0.391 |
| 9 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.037 ± 0.043 | rp (35) = 0.135; p = 0.427/rp (35) = 0.108; p = 0.524 | rp (35) = 0.120; p = 0.481/rp (35) = 0.116; p = 0.494 | rp (35) = − 0.091; p = 0.593/rp (35) = 0.221; p = 0.188 |
| 10 (md. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.004 ± 0.037 | rp (35) = 0.246; p = 0.143/rp (35) = 0.125; p = 0.460 | rp (35) = 0.273; p = 0.102/rp (35) = 0.152; p = 0.370 | rp (35) = − 0.518; p = 0.001/rp (35) = 0.173; p = 0.306 |
| 11 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.019 ± 0.056 | rp (35) = 0.102; p = 0.546/rp (35) = − 0.018; p = 0.915 | rp (35) = 0.093; p = 0.585/rp (35) = − 0.014; p = 0.934 | rp (35) = − 0.416; p = 0.010/rp (35) = 0.045; p = 0.793 |
| 12 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.004 ± 0.049 | rp (35) = 0.295; p = 0.077/rp (35) = 0.141; p = 0.405 | rp (35) = 0.214; p = 0.205/rp (35) = 0.072; p = 0.672 | rp (35) = − 0.393; p = 0.016/rp (35) = 0.103; p = 0.545 |
| 13 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.003 ± 0.052 | rp (34) = 0.244; p = 0.152/rp (34) = 0.102; p = 0.555 | rp (34) = 0.152; p = 0.375/rp (34) = 0.017; p = 0.923 | rp (35) = − 0.099; p = 0.566/rp (35) = − 0.088; p = 0.610 |
| 14 (lt. DLPFC; BA 46) | 0.018 ± 0.057 | rp (34) = 0.088; p = 0.609/rp (34) = 0.066; p = 0.704 | rp (34) = 0.048; p = 0.782/rp (34) = 0.088; p = 0.611 | rp (34) = − 0.118; p = 0.492/rp (34) = 0.207; p = 0.225 |
| 15 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.002 ± 0.037 | rp (32) = 0.269; p = 0.125/rp (32) = 0.095; p = 0.593 | rp (32) = 0.242; p = 0.169/rp (32) = 0.060; p = 0.736 | rp (32) = − 0.459; p = 0.006/rp (32) = 0.202; p = 0.251 |
| 16 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | − 0.008 ± 0.063 | rp (35) = 0.115; p = 0.498/rp (35) = 0.167; p = 0.322 | rp (35) = 0.115; p = 0.498/rp (35) = 0.171; p = 0.311 | rp (35) = 0.000; p = 1.000/rp (35) = 0.122; p = 0.474 |
| 17 (lt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.019 ± 0.071 | rp (35) = 0.165; p = 0.329/rp (35) = 0.116; p = 0.493 | rp (35) = 0.165; p = 0.329/rp (35) = 0.173; p = 0.306 | rp (35) = − 0.230; p = 0.170/rp (35) = 0.133; p = 0.431 |
| 18 (lt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.013 ± 0.051 | rp (35) = 0.089; p = 0.601/rp (35) = 0.030; p = 0.860 | rp (35) = − 0.014; p = 0.936/rp (35) = 0.007; p = 0.970 | rp (35) = 0.017; p = 0.922/rp (35) = 0.033; p = 0.844 |
| 19 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.014 ± 0.035 | rp (34) = 0.109; p = 0.527/rp (34) = 0.020; p = 0.908 | rp (34) = 0.021; p = 0.902/rp (34) = − 0.029; p = 0.868 | rp (34) = − 0.131; p = 0.445/rp (34) = 0.089; p = 0.606 |
| 20 (rt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.009 ± 0.031 | rp (35) = 0.241; p = 0.151/rp (35) = 0.288; p = 0.084 | rp (35) = 0.154; p = 0.362/rp (35) = 0.243; p = 0.147 | rp (35) = − 0.042; p = 0.806/rp (35) = 0.234; p = 0.164 |
| 21 (md. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.003 ± 0.032 | rp (34) = 0. 358; p = 0.032/rp (34) = 0.230; p = 0.178 | rp (34) = 0.228; p = 0.181/rp (34) = 0.088; p = 0.612 | rp (34) = − 0.315; p = 0.061/rp (34) = 0.299; p = 0.076 |
| 22 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.001 ± 0.029 | rp (35) = 0.110; p = 0.517/rp (35) = − 0.030; p = 0.860 | rp (35) = 0.092; p = 0.587/rp (35) = − 0.054; p = 0.752 | rp (35) = − 0.389; p = 0.017/rp (35) = 0.248; p = 0.139 |
On the left hand of the table, median ± interquartile range (IQR) of concentrations of oxyHb are displayed. On the right hand of the table, non-parametric correlations (controlled for age and gender) between oxyHb and absolute handgrip strength (AHS), normalized handgrip strength (NHS), reaction time and percentage of correct answers in the ST are shown. Significant correlations are presented in italic
BA broadman area, DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, FPA frontopolar area, lt. left, md. middle, rp partial correlation controlling for age and gender, rt. right, ST Sternberg task