Table 3.
Overview of the regional cortical changes in the concentrations of deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) measured during the Sternberg task (ST) and their correlations with measures of handgrip strength and cognitive performance
| Channels | Median ± IQR | Non-parametric partial correlations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DeoxyHb (µmol/L) | AHS (left/right) | NHS (left/right) | Reaction time in ST/correct answers in ST | |
| 1 (rt. DLPFC; BA9) | 0.001 ± 0.005 | rp (35) = − 0.197; p = 0.243/rp (35) = − 0.182; p = 0.280 | rp (35) = − 0.232; p = 0.167/rp (35) = − 0.245; p = 0.144 | rp (35) = 0.198; p = 0.240/rp (35) = − 0.276; p = 0.099 |
| 2 (rt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.000 ± 0.015 | rp (35) = − 0.299; p = 0.072/rp (35) = − 0.180; p = 0.286 | rp (35) = − 0.204; p = 0.225/rp (35) = − 0.133; p = 0.434 | rp (35) = 0.343; p = 0.038/rp (35) = − 0.142; p = 0.401 |
| 3 (rt. Broca; BA 45) | − 0.002 ± 0.011 | rs (34) = − 0.071; p = 0.680/rp (34) = − 0.203; p = 0.234 | rp (34) = − 0.088; p = 0.609/rp (34) = − 0.227; p = 0.183 | rp (34) = 0.262; p = 0.122/rp (35) = − 0.199; p = 0.245 |
| 4 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.000 ± 0.023 | rp (35) = − 0.301; p = 0.070/rp (35) = − 0.191; p = 0.258 | rp (35) = − 0.294; p = 0.077/rp (35) = − 0.224; p = 0.182 | rp (34) = 0.172; p = 0.307/rp (35) = − 0.095; p = 0.574 |
| 5 (rt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.000 ± 0.015 | rp (32) = − 0.442; p = 0.009/rp (32) = − 0.385; p = 0.025 | rp (32) = − 0.454; p = 0.007/rp (32) = − 0.390; p = 0.023 | rp (32) = 0.441; p = 0.009/rp (32) = − 0.236; p = 0.179 |
| 6 (rt. DLPFC; BA 46) | − 0.006 ± 0.019 | rp (34) = − 0.040; p = 0.818/rp (34) = − 0.112; p = 0.514 | rp (34) = 0.005; p = 0.977/rp (34) = − 0.088; p = 0.610 | rp (34) = 0.459; p = 0.005/rp (34) = − 0.275; p = 0.105 |
| 7 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.003 ± 0.012 | rp (34) = − 0.379; p = 0.023/rp (34) = − 0.420; p = 0.011 | rp (34) = − 0.339; p = 0.043/rp (34) = − 0.368; p = 0.027 | rp (34) = 0.306; p = 0.070/rp (34) = − 0.177; p = 0.300 |
| 8 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.002 ± 0.013 | rp (35) = − 0.363; p = 0.027/rp (35) = − 0.429; p = 0.008 | rp (35) = − 0.347; p = 0.035/rp (35) = − 0.434; p = 0.007 | rp (35) = 0.150; p = 0.376/rp (35) = − 0.113; p = 0.504 |
| 9 (rt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.002 ± 0.014 | rp (35) = − 0.200; p = 0.234/rp (35) = − 0.199; p = 0.239 | rp (35) = − 0.252; p = 0.133/rp (35) = − 0.218; p = 0.194 | rp (35) = 0.244; p = 0.145/rp (35) = − 0.113; p = 0.507 |
| 10 (md. FPA; BA 10) | 0.001 ± 0.009 | rp (35) = − 0.340; p = 0.039/rp (35) = − 0.306; p = 0.066 | rp (35) = − 0.213; p = 0.205/rp (35) = − 0.188 p = 0.265 | rp (35) = 0.031; p = 0.856/rp (35) = 0.047; p = 0.781 |
| 11 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.002 ± 0.012 | rp (35) = − 0.194; p = 0.251/rp (35) = − 0.132; p = 0.437 | rp (35) = − 0.072; p = 0.670/rp (35) = − 0.021; p = 0.904 | rp (35) = 0.164; p = 0.331/rp (35) = − 0.085; p = 0.618 |
| 12 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.002 ± 0.010 | rp (35) = − 0.390; p = 0.017/rp (35) = − 0.264; p = 0.115 | rp (35) = − 0.263; p = 0.116/rp (35) = − 0.131; p = 0.438 | rp (35) = 0.147; p = 0.385/rp (35) = 0.048; p = 0.776 |
| 13 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.002 ± 0.011 | rp (34) = − 0.436; p = 0.008/rp (34) = − 0.326; p = 0.052 | rp (34) = − 0.396; p = 0.017/rp (34) = − 0.252; p = 0.137 | rp (34) = − 0.163; p = 0.341/rp (34) = 0.018; p = 0.916 |
| 14 (lt. DLPFC; BA 46) | − 0.003 ± 0.025 | rp (34) = − 0.263; p = 0.122/rp (34) = − 0.270; p = 0.112 | rp (34) = − 0.240; p = 0.159/rp (34) = − 0.312; p = 0.064 | rp (34) = 0.101; p = 0.557/rp (34) = − 0.338; p = 0.043 |
| 15 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.002 ± 0.017 | rp (32) = − 0.409; p = 0.016/rp (32) = − 0.326; p = 0.060 | rp (32) = − 0.493; p = 0.003/rp (32) = − 0.411; p = 0.016 | rp (32) = 0.127; p = 0.474/rp (32) = − 0.027; p = 0.879 |
| 16 (lt. FPA; BA 10) | 0.001 ± 0.021 | rp (35) = − 0.206; p = 0.222/rp (35) = − 0.207; p = 0.219 | rp (35) = − 0.097; p = 0.570/rp (35) = − 0.073; p = 0.667 | rp (35) = − 0.027; p = 0.872/rp (35) = 0.003; p = 0.986 |
| 17 (lt. Broca; BA 45) | − 0.003 ± 0.017 | rp (35) = − 0.151; p = 0.373/rp (35) = − 0.210; p = 0.213 | rp (35) = − 0.188; p = 0.264/rp (35) = − 0.244; p = 0.145 | rp (35) = 0.020; p = 0.905/rp (35) = − 0.021; p = 0.901 |
| 18 (lt. Broca; BA 45) | 0.002 ± 0.009 | rp (35) = 0.281; p = 0.092/rp (35) = 0.296; p = 0.075 | rp (35) = 0.293; p = 0.078/rp (35) = 0.263; p = 0.116 | rp (35) = − 0.055; p = 0.746/rp (35) = − 0.130; p = 0.445 |
| 19 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.001 ± 0.008 | rp (34) = − 0.123; p = 0.474/rp (34) = − 0.181; p = 0.291 | rp (34) = − 0.080; p = 0.645/rp (34) = − 0.168; p = 0.327 | rp (34) = − 0.154; p = 0.371/rp (34) = 0.067; p = 0.698 |
| 20 (rt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.000 ± 0.011 | rp (35) = − 0.226; p = 0.179/rp (35) = − 0.277; p = 0.097 | rp (35) = − 0.185; p = 0.272/rp (35) = − 0.328; p = 0.048 | rp (35) = − 0.053; p = 0.756/rp (35) = − 0.022; p = 0.898 |
| 21 (md. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.003 ± 0.010 | rp (34) = − 0.276; p = 0.103/rp (34) = − 0.230; p = 0.178 | rp (34) = − 0.315; p = 0.061/rp (34) = − 0.325; p = 0.053 | rp (34) = − 0.029; p = 0.869/rp (34) = − 0.113; p = 0.511 |
| 22 (lt. DLPFC; BA 9) | 0.002 ± 0.009 | rp (35) = − 0.155; p = 0.359/rp (35) = − 0.085; p = 0.618 | rp (35) = − 0.144; p = 0.395/rp (35) = − 0.103; p = 0.545 | rp (35) = − 0.073; p = 0.666/rp (35) = 0.003; p = 0.984 |
On the left hand of the table, median ± interquartile range (IQR) of concentrations of deoxyHb are displayed. On the right hand of the table, non-parametric partial correlations (controlled for age and gender) between deoxyHb and absolute handgrip strength (AHS), normalized handgrip strength (NHS), reaction time and percentage of correct answers in the ST are shown. Significant correlations are presented in italic
BA broadman area, DLPFC dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, FPA frontopolar area, lt. left, md. middle, rp partial correlation controlling for the influence of age and gender, rt. right, ST Sternberg task