Table 3.
Association of extra-esophageal symptoms with erosive esophagitis—odds ratios (OR: erosive esophagitis cases vs. controls) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) from binary logistic regression
| Variable | Cases (N = 248) | Controls (N = 273) | Model | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1b | Model 2c | Model 3d | Model 4e | |||||||
| OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |||
| Any extra-esophageal symptoms | ||||||||||
| No | 124 (50.0)a | 222 (81.3) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 124 (50.0) | 51 (18.7) | 4.35 | 2.94–6.45 | 4.34 | 2.93–6.46 | 4.14 | 2.93–6.65 | 4.58 | 2.86–7.33 |
| Chronic cough | ||||||||||
| No | 196 (79.0) | 249 (91.2) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 52 (21.0) | 24 (8.8) | 2.75 | 1.64–4.62 | 2.74 | 1.63–4.63 | 2.69 | 1.57–4.61 | 3.18 | 1.75–5.81 |
| Laryngeal disorders | ||||||||||
| No | 159 (64.1) | 242 (88.6) | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference | 1.00 | Reference |
| Yes | 89 (35.9) | 31 (11.4) | 4.38 | 2.78–6.88 | 4.37 | 2.77–6.89 | 4.64 | 2.88–7.46 | 4.37 | 2.55–7.48 |
aAbsolute numbers and column percentages (in parentheses)
bCrude (unadjusted) models
cAge-adjusted models
dAdjusted for socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex, marital status, residence, education, employment status and income)
eAdjusted for socio-demographic characteristics and lifestyle/behavioral factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, BMI and dietary type (Mediterranean diet vs. non-Mediterranean diet))