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. 2021 Feb 15;16:7. doi: 10.1186/s13024-020-00421-4

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 7 — Serum and brain changes of the kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) concentrations and QUIN/KYNA ratio in pMCAo+D mice. These elements of the tryptophan/kynurenine pathway are shown at the left. a-f show changes in concentrations or activity of these molecules in the C, D, pMCAo and pMCAo+D mice, in serum (a, b, c) and brain (d, e, f). a Serum KYNA concentrations were lower in pMCAo+D mice than in D or C mice (P < 0.0001). KYNA levels were lower in pMCAo mice than in D and C mice (P < 0.0001) and lower in C mice than in D mice (P < 0.0001). b Serum QUIN levels were significantly higher in pMCAo+D than in C mice (P < 0.0001), D (P < 0.0001) or in pMCAo mice (P < 0.05). They were higher in pMCAo mice than in C or D mice (P < 0.0001). c The serum QUIN/KYNA ratio was higher in pMCAo+D mice than in all other groups (P < 0.0001). The ratio was significantly higher in pMCAo mice than in D or C mice (P < 0.0001). d Brain KYNA concentrations were lower in pMCAo+D mice than in D (P < 0.0001) or in C mice (P < 0.05). Brain KYNA levels were lower in pMCAo mice than in D (P < 0.0001) and lower in C mice than in D mice (P < 0.0001) (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001). e Brain QUIN levels were significantly higher in pMCAo+D than in C mice (P < 0.0001), D (P < 0.0001) or in pMCAo mice (P < 0.001). They were higher in pMCAo mice than in C or D mice (P < 0.0001). f The brain QUIN/KYNA ratio was higher in pMCAo+D mice than in all other groups (P < 0.0001). The ratio was significantly higher in pMCAo mice than in D (P < 0.0001) or C mice (P < 0.01)