Table 1.
Characteristics of participants in the Fenland Study (n = 10,798), Cambridgeshire, UK, overall and stratified by genetic risk score for BMI (BMI-GRS)
| BMI-GRSa | All (n = 10,798) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Low (n = 5399) | High (n = 5399) | ||
| Mean BMI-GRS (SD) | 2.2 (0.1) | 2.4 (0.1) | 2.3 (0.2) |
| Mean age, years (SD) | 48.6 (7.4) | 48.6 (7.5) | 48.6 (7.5) |
| Men (n (%) of participants) | 2548 (47.2) | 2534 (46.9) | 5082 (47.1) |
| Household income > £40,000 (n (%) of participants) | 2781 (51.5) | 2710 (50.2) | 5491 (50.9) |
| Educational attainment, > 13 years (n (%) of participants) | 1858 (34.4) | 1763 (32.7) | 3621 (33.5) |
| Car access, yes (n (%) of participants) | 5065 (93.8) | 5079 (94.1) | 10,144 (93.9) |
| Health behaviours | |||
| Current or ex-smoker (n (%) of participants) | 2411 (44.7) | 2584 (47.9) | 4995 (46.3) |
| Mean physical activity energy expenditure, kJ/kg/day (SD) | 53.8 (22.0) | 54.0 (22.1) | 53.9 (22.0) |
| Food environment exposuresb | |||
| Mean supermarket availability (SD) | 2.1 (3.1) | 2.0 (2.9) | 2.0 (3.0) |
| Mean fast-food outlet availability (SD) | 9.0 (11.7) | 8.5 (11.2) | 8.8 (11.4) |
| Crude anthropometric outcomes | |||
| Mean body mass index, kg/m2 (SD) | 26.4 (4.6) | 27.5 (5.0) | 26.9 (4.8) |
| Overweight, 25 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2 (n (%) of participants) | 2101 (38.9) | 2217 (41.1) | 4318 (40.0) |
| Obese, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (n (%) of participants) | 1001 (18.5) | 1344 (24.9) | 2345 (21.7) |
| Adjusted anthropometric outcomes | |||
| Body mass index, β (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1c | REF | 1.11 (0.93, 1.29)** | – |
| Model 2d | REF | 1.06 (0.89 1.23)** | – |
| Overweight, 25 kg/m2 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2, RR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1c | REF | 1.34 (1.23, 1.46)** | – |
| Model 2d | REF | 1.34 (1.23, 1.47)** | – |
| Obese, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, RR (95% CI) | |||
| Model 1c | REF | 1.69 (1.53, 1.88)** | – |
| Model 2d | REF | 1.73 (1.55, 1.93)** | – |
**P < 0.001
aBMI-GRS, two groups split by sample median: low ≤ 2.29; high > 2.29
bBased on counts of food outlets in home neighbourhoods
cModel 1 adjusted for age and sex
dModel 2 additionally adjusted for household income, highest educational attainment, car access, smoking status, physical activity energy expenditure, counts of supermarkets in home neighbourhoods, and counts of fast-food outlets in home neighbourhoods