Table 6.
Energy input at the stage of bio-ethanol production stage
| Procedure or Item | Energy input | Energy avoided | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Electricity (kWh/t ethanol) [30, 40–42] | Coal (kg/t ethanol) [30, 40–42] | Steam (t/t ethanol) [30] | Other inputa (t/t ethanol) [30] | By-productb (t/t ethanol) [30] | |
| Pretreatment | 95 | – | – | – | – |
| Fermentation | 50 | – | 0.2 | – | – |
| Rectification | 25 | – | 2.4 | – | – |
| Dehydration | 40 | – | 1.9 | – | – |
| Residue handling | 143 | – | – | 49.88 | – |
| Accessory equipment | 20 | 611.2 | – | – | – |
| By-product production | 106 | – | – | – | –1.18 |
| Denaturing | 7.416 | – | – | – | – |
| Quantity sum | 486.42 | 611.2 | 4.5 | 49.88 | –1.18 |
| Energy intensity (MJ/t) | 3.6 | 29.27 | 2637.61 | 98.70 | 14,670.00 |
| Energy sum (MJ/t ethanol) | 1751.10 | 17,889.82 | 11,869.25 | 4923.58 | 17,310.60 |
| Summary | 19,123.15 | ||||
aOther energy input mainly includes hot air
bBy-product mainly refers to the solid granular fuel produced in the process of bio-ethanol production