Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patientsa.
| Total | Normal ferritin group (≤200 ng/mL) | Elevation ferritin group (>200 ng/mL) | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 79 | n = 35 | n = 44 | ||
| Severity illness (%) | 23 (29.1%) | 1 (2.9%) | 22 (50.0%) | <0.001 |
| Liver injury (%) | 30 (38.0%) | 7 (20.0%) | 23 (52.3%) | 0.003 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL, 4.6–200) | 261.7 (95.3–674.9) | 82.6 (1.3–198.6) | 594.1 (200.5–2471.6) | <0.001 |
| Albumin (g/L, 35–55) | 40.2 (36.4–42.7) | 41.2 (26.4–47.7) | 37.7 (23.2–57.0) | 0.004 |
| ALP (U/L, 40–150) | 54.0 (46.0–66.0) | 51.0 (33.0–304.0) | 62.0 (31.0–199.0) | 0.028 |
| ALT (U/L, 5–40) | 23.0 (15.0–41.0) | 15.0 (5.0–179.0) | 36.5 (11.0–197.0) | <0.001 |
| AST (U/L, 8–40） | 25.0 (20.0–39.5) | 20.0 (9.0–208.0) | 33.0 (10.0–345.0) | <0.001 |
| GGT (U/L, 11–50) | 19.0 (13.0–36.5) | 13.0 (8.0–531.0) | 30.5 (12.0–214.0) | <0.001 |
| TBIL (μmol/L, 5.1–19.0) | 9.8 (8.0–11.9) | 8.7 (3.7–23.3) | 10.2 (4.7–422.8) | 0.077 |
| DBIL (μmol/L, 1.7–6.8) | 3.8 (2.7–5.6) | 3.8 (1.2–11.9) | 3.7 (1.9–248.9) | 0.566 |
| TBA (μmol/L, 0–10.0) | 2.0 (1.4–3.3) | 1.9 (0.5–5.5) | 2.0 (0.6–13.7) | 0.471 |
| FBG (mmol/L, 4.1–5.9) | 5.0 (4.6–5.7) | 4.8 (3.8–7.4) | 5.2 (3.6–13.4) | 0.017 |
| TG (mmol/L, <1.7) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 0.8 (0.5–2.6) | 1.2 (0.6–4.5) | <0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L, <5.2) | 3.8 (3.2–4.4) | 3.6 (2.6–4.9) | 3.8 (2.6–6.0) | 0.222 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L, 1.16–1.42) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.2 (0.6–1.8) | 0.9 (0.1–1.8) | 0.004 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L, 2.7–3.1) | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) | 2.1 (0.6–3.4) | 2.4 (1.1–4.0) | 0.128 |
| SAA (mg/L, <10.0) | 26.8 (5.6–287.5) | 6.6 (0.7–733.0) | 147.1 (5.4–739.8) | <0.001 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL, 0.12–2.9) | 6.3 (3.3–17.0) | 3.2 (2.8–6.9) | 9.5 (5.2–19.4) | <0.001 |
| Cre (μmol/L, 44.0–133.0) | 67.6 (58.5–79.0) | 61.0 (44.1–133.4) | 71.6 (51.3–158.0) | <0.001 |
| LDH (U/L, 109–245) | 66.0 (46.5–117.5) | 48.0 (26.0–165.0) | 73.0 (18.0–1447.0) | <0.001 |
| INR (0.80–1.31) | 1.0 (1.0–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–42.9) | 1.0 (0.9–41.6) | 0.216 |
| D-dimer (mg/L, <0.5) | 0.5 (0.2–1.8) | 0.2 (0.2–13.9) | 0.7 (0.2–20.0) | 0.032 |
| Leucocytes (g/L, 3.5–9.5) | 5.0 (3.8–6.6) | 4.5 (2.3–12.7) | 5.7 (1.5–28.9) | 0.033 |
| Lymphocytes% (%, 20–50) | 27.4 (14.9–35.8) | 31.1 (7.6–52.1) | 22.4 (2.6–47.0) | 0.012 |
| Neutrophils (g/L, 1.8–6.3) | 2.8 (2.1–4.5) | 2.5 (1.1–8.8) | 3.1 (0.0–27.7) | 0.039 |
| NLR (%) | 2.2 (1.4–4.8) | 1.9 (0.7–11.6) | 3.0 (0.0–37.0) | 0.028 |
| CRP (mg/L, <4.00) | 8.0 (3.1–40.0) | 3.1 (0.3–74.8) | 12.3 (0.6–163.0) | <0.001 |
| ESR (mm/h, 0.00–15.00) | 15.0 (8.0–33.0) | 10.0 (2.0–74.0) | 25.0 (3.0–101.0) | <0.001 |
Continuous variable was presented as median (IQR). p-Values were from t-test for normally distributed continuous data and from Mann–Whitney U test for abnormally distributed continuous data. Laboratory results were defined using the first-time examination at admission. The methods of chemiluminescence (ferritin, IL-6, and CRP), colorimetry (albumin and GGT), continuous monitoring assay (ALP and ALT), enzyme coupling (AST), diazonium salt (TBIL and DBIL), enzymatic cycling (TBA), glucose oxidase (FBG), lipoidase (TG), oxidase (TC), direct determination (HDL-c and LDL-c), immunoturbidimetry (SAA and D-dimer), picric acid (Cre), lactate dehydrogenase releasing (LDH), freezing (INR), flow cytometry (leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and NLR), and erythrocyte sediment rate analyser (ESR) were employed in the laboratory examinations, respectively.