Table 2.
Escalation of Tobacco Use by Used ENDS Only at Baseline and Used Any Tobacco Product at Baseline in the Past 12 Month
| Escalation of tobacco use at Wave 3 (1-y follow-up) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Used ENDS only at baseline (N = 712) | Used any tobacco product at baseline (N = 2599) | ||||
| No | Yes | No | Yes | ||
| N = 567 | N = 145 | N = 1878 | N = 721 | ||
| Viewed content (ref: no) | Viewed content (ref: no) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 0.96 (0.63, 1.47) | Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.23 (1.01, 1.50) |
| Adjusted modela (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.97 (0.63, 1.51) | Adjusted modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.23 (0.97, 1.55) |
| Adjusted modelb (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.91 (0.58, 1.45) | Adjusted modelb | 1.00 (ref) | 1.12 (0.89, 1.41) |
| Online activities (ref: no) | Online activities (ref: no) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 0.96 (0.56, 1.64) | Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.35 (1.06, 1.74) |
| Adjusted modela (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.89 (0.53, 1.50) | Adjusted modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.25 (0.96, 1.64) |
| Adjusted modelb (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.83 (0.46, 1.50) | Adjusted modelb | 1.00 (ref) | 1.15 (0.88, 1.49) |
| Post (ref: no) | Post (ref: no) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.11 (0.38, 3.23) | Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.45 (1.03, 2.03) |
| Adjusted modela (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.98 (0.30, 3.22) | Adjusted modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.32 (0.89, 1.95) |
| Adjusted modelb (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.26, 3.27) | Adjusted modelb | 1.00 (ref) | 1.18 (0.79, 1.78) |
| Liked or followed (ref: no) | Liked or followed (ref: no) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.30 (0.53, 3.19) | Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) |
| Adjusted modela (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.33 (0.38, 4.69) | Adjusted modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.30 (0.95, 1.77) |
| Adjusted modelb (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.26 (0.35, 4.52) | Adjusted modelb | 1.00 (ref) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.56) |
| Sent to others (ref: no) | Sent to others (ref: no) | ||||
| Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.83 (0.62, 5.42) | Unadjusted model | 1.00 (ref) | 1.34 (0.98, 1.84) |
| Adjusted modela (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.66 (0.47, 5.88) | Adjusted modela | 1.00 (ref) | 1.30 (0.95, 1.77) |
| Adjusted modelb (AOR, 95% CI) | 1.00 (ref) | 1.45 (0.44, 4.76) | Adjusted modelb | 1.00 (ref) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.56) |
Bold text indicates statistically significant values. AOR = (multivariable) adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval.
aAdjusted by sociodemographics, including age range (12–14 vs. 15–17), gender, race, and ethnicities, total household income in past 12 mo, parental marital status (married/widowed, divorced, or separated/never married), peer tobacco use, and time spent on social media sites (per day).
bAdditionally adjusted by substance use history, including marijuana, alcohol and drugs (never, 1, or more than 2), internalizing disorder level (no or low/moderate/severe), and externalizing disorder level (no or low/moderate/severe).