. 2020 Jul 27;23(3):573–583. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntaa110

Table 2.

Weighted TSNA Geometric Mean (GM) Concentrations (ng/g Creatinine) and Detection Rate (DR) by Tobacco Use Status in PATH Study Wave 1

Analyte		NNAL			NNN			NAT			NAB
		N	GM [95% CI]	DR (%)	N	GM [95% CI]	DR (%)	N	GM [95% CI]	DR (%)	N	GM [95% CI]	DR (%)
All users		8882	93.0 [85.9, 100.2]	96	8642	8.0 [7.7, 8.4]	68	8805	48.5 [45.1, 51.9]	75	8871	9.2 [8.7, 9.7]	72
Every day	Combustible	3176	285.4 [267.9, 303.0]	100	3060	13.8 [13.0, 14.6]	91	3140	125.2 [116.2, 134.1]	96	3167	19.6 [18.2, 21.0]	93
	Smokeless	355	993.3 [839.2, 1147.3]	100	339	33.8 [29.3, 38.4]	94	349	452.6 [376.0, 529.2]	97	355	41.6 [34.7, 48.4]	96
	E-Cig	152	6.3 [4.7, 7.9]	93	148	5.2 [4.3, 6.0]	57	152	4.5 [3.8, 5.1]	17^a	152	1.7 [1.4, 1.9]	22^a
	Poly	1983	278.6 [254.9, 302.2]	100	1945	12.9 [12.1, 13.8]	88	1964	130.3 [118.4, 142.2]	93	1979	20.5 [18.8, 22.2]	92
Intermittent	Combustible	2400	13.0 [11.4, 14.6]	89	2352	3.1 [2.9, 3.3]	29^a	2388	9.1 [8.2, 9.9]	41	2403	2.5 [2.3, 2.7]	38^a
	Smokeless	121	100.9 [40.7, 161.2]^b	95	118	7.4 [4.4, 10.4]	53	121	39.1 [17.3, 60.9]	65	121	6.3 [3.6, 9.1]	63
	E-Cig	106	3.8 [2.3, 5.2]	85	104	2.2 [1.9, 2.6]	13^a	105	3.4 [2.7, 4.1]	11^a	106	1.2 [1.0, 1.4]	10^a
	Poly	589	22.1 [16.6, 27.7]	95	576	3.3 [2.9, 3.7]	35^a	586	12.8 [10.1, 15.5]	49	588	3.1 [2.6, 3.6]	44
Nonusers		2122	1.0 [0.9, 1.1]	62	2111	2.0 [1.9, 2.1]	3^a	2114	3.0 [2.8, 3.2]	4^a	2125	1.1 [1.0, 1.2]	5^a
Former		559	2.1 [1.6, 2.6]	83	554	2.2 [1.9, 2.5]	7^a	556	3.7 [3.2, 4.3]	11^a	560	1.3 [1.1, 1.5]	12^a
Never		1563	0.9 [0.8, 1.0]	54	1557	1.9 [1.8, 2.0]	1^a	1558	2.9 [2.7, 3.1]	2^a	1565	1.1 [1.0, 1.1]	3^a
Every day exclusive cigarette users^c		2037	300.9 [277.8, 324.0]	100	1942	14.9 [13.8, 16.0]	93	2015	141.0 [128.4, 153.6]	98	2030	21.3 [19.4, 23.2]	95
Intermittent exclusive cigarette users^c		838	49.2 [39.7, 58.6]	97	809	5.0 [4.4, 5.5]	50	834	22.4 [18.4, 26.4]	64	840	4.9 [4.2, 5.6]	60

CI = confidence interval; NAT = N′-nitrosoanatabine; NAB = N′-nitrosoanabasine; NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; NNN = N′-nitrosonornicotine; PATH = Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health; TSNA = tobacco-specific nitrosamine. DR: percentage of results greater than or equal to limit of detection (LOD). Every day established exclusive cigarette users: current users who are both established and every day users of only cigarettes; not using any other tobacco products. Intermittent exclusive cigarette users: current experimental/some day users of only cigarettes; not using any other tobacco products.

^aDR is less than 40%.

^bRelative standard error (RSE) is more than 30%. The RSE is calculated by 100 × standard error (estimate)/estimate.

^cCigarette user groups are just for reference groups which are not included in other tables.