Table 3.
Weighted NNAL Geometric Mean (GM) With 95% CI (ng/g Creatinine) by Tobacco Use Status in PATH Study Wave 1
| Tobacco users | Nonusers | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All users | Combustible | Smokeless | E-Cig | Poly | All non | Former | Never | |||||
| Every day | Intermittent | Every day | Intermittent | Every day | Intermittent | Every day | Intermittent | |||||
| All adults | 93.0 [85.9, 100.2] | 285.4 [267.9, 303.0] | 13.0 [11.4, 14.6] | 993.3 [839.2, 1147.3] | 100.9 [40.7, 161.2]b | 6.3 [4.7, 7.9] | 3.8 [2.3, 5.2] | 278.6 [254.9, 302.2] | 22.1 [16.6, 27.7] | 1.0 [0.9, 1.1] | 2.1 [1.6, 2.6] | 0.9 [0.8, 1.0] |
| Sex | ||||||||||||
| Female | 112.3 [98.7, 125.9] | 329.7 [299.3, 360.0] | 16.9 [13.5, 20.2] | 3832.7 [−1866.6, 9532.0]a,b | 96.4 [1.3, 191.4]a | 7.2 [5.1, 9.3] | 4.2 [2.5, 5.9] | 307.1 [274.0, 340.2] | 33.4 [20.1, 46.7] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.2] | 2.3 [1.6, 3.0] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] |
| Male | 81.4 [74.3, 88.5] | 248.6 [229.8, 267.5] | 11.0 [9.2, 12.9] | 930.9 [817.2, 1044.5] | 101.1 [39.5, 162.7]b | 5.2 [3.1, 7.3] | 3.2 [0.9, 5.5] a,b | 262.7 [233.9, 291.5] | 17.6 [12.7, 22.4] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] | 1.8 [1.1, 2.6] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.0] |
| Age | ||||||||||||
| 18–24 | 23.2 [20.2, 26.3] | 124.4 [106.9, 141.8] | 5.1 [4.3, 5.8] | 287.7 [165.3, 410.1] | 20.1 [6.3, 33.9]a,b | 7.3 [−0.6, 15.2]a,b | 3.2 [1.1, 5.4]a,b | 139.1 [116.3, 161.9] | 8.8 [6.3, 11.4] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.3] | 2.2 [1.6, 2.7] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] |
| 25–34 | 65.3 [54.2, 76.4] | 231.8 [205.5, 258.2] | 8.1 [6.1, 10.0] | 649.9 [479.4, 820.4] | 54.9 [−21.5, 131.3]a,b | 5.8 [2.6, 9.1]a | 4.1 [0.6, 7.6]a,b | 226.1 [187.4, 264.7] | 14.0 [8.2, 19.8] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.3] | 2.4 [1.3, 3.5] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] |
| 35–54 | 153.7 [136.2, 171.3] | 336.0 [308.2, 363.7] | 21.4 [16.1, 26.6] | 1107.4 [946.5, 1268.3] | 171.8 [43.8, 299.8]a,b | 5.8 [3.5, 8.1] | 2.1 [1.1, 3.0]a | 388.1 [336.1, 440.1] | 49.5 [22.4, 76.6] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] | 2.3 [1.1, 3.5] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] |
| 55+ | 189.2 [163.5, 214.9] | 372.1 [325.6, 418.6] | 36.7 [23.5, 49.8] | 1523.8 [943.4, 2104.3] | 278.2 [−48.4, 604.9]a,b | 7.7 [4.8, 10.5]a | 9.6 [−0.7, 20.0]a,b | 433.5 [384.6, 482.3] | 172.0 [85.8, 258.2]a | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] | 1.6 [0.6, 2.6]b | 0.9 [0.8, 1.1] |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| HA | 28.6 [23.4, 33.8] | 184.3 [143.0, 225.6] | 9.9 [7.5, 12.3] | 910.0 [527.1, 1292.8]a | 3.6 [−13.3, 20.5]a,b | 1.2 [0.1, 2.2]a,b | 0.9 [0.4, 1.3]a | 119.8 [85.2, 154.4] | 9.1 [5.3, 12.8] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.1] | 2.2 [0.9, 3.5] | 0.9 [0.8, 1.0] |
| NHB | 97.8 [79.9, 115.7] | 204.4 [175.8, 233.1] | 38.7 [26.7, 50.6] | 1126.3 [−1164.6, 3417.2]a,b | 42.4 [−114.3, 199.1]a,b | 5.8 [1.0, 10.6]a,b | 8.0 [0.4, 15.6]a,b | 183.6 [150.3, 217.0] | 48.1 [2.5, 93.6]b | 1.3 [1.0, 1.6] | 2.1 [0.5, 3.7]b | 1.2 [0.9, 1.5] |
| NHW | 125.8 [113.4, 138.2] | 335.0 [310.8, 359.1] | 11.1 [9.0, 13.2] | 1002.7 [848.5, 1156.9] | 155.6 [70.5, 240.6] | 7.1 [5.1, 9.1] | 3.9 [2.4, 5.3] | 320.1 [290.8, 349.5] | 29.6 [19.4, 39.8] | 1.0 [0.8, 1.2] | 2.2 [1.5, 2.8] | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] |
| OTH | 40.9 [25.8, 56.0] | 217.4 [166.1, 268.7] | 6.2 [3.4, 8.9] | 749.3 [295.8, 1202.8] a,b | 60.7 [−88.0, 209.5]a,b | 4.4 [−1.4, 10.1]a,b | 5.9 [−9.3, 21.2]a,b | 203.4 [144.1, 262.7] | 13.3 [1.8, 24.8]b | 0.9 [0.6, 1.1] | 1.5 [0.5, 2.5]b | 0.8 [0.5, 1.1] |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| <HS/GED | 189.5 [167.6, 211.4] | 310.7 [281.0, 340.4] | 58.9 [43.4, 74.3] | 1407.8 [819.4, 1996.2] | 410.7 [105.8, 715.6] a | 9.3 [4.0, 14.5]a | 5.6 [1.8, 9.4]a,b | 332.6 [275.4, 389.8] | 37.6 [20.0, 55.2] | 1.3 [1.1, 1.6] | 2.8 [0.6, 5.0]b | 1.2 [1.0, 1.4] |
| HS | 143.7 [128.2, 159.2] | 303.5 [273.9, 333.0] | 30.1 [23.1, 37.2] | 929.8 [733.6, 1125.9] | 79.9 [−30.9, 190.6]a,b | 6.9 [3.9, 10.0]a | 2.2 [0.5, 3.9]a,b | 280.4 [241.4, 319.4] | 29.1 [14.0, 44.2] | 1.5 [1.1, 1.9] | 2.7 [1.3, 4.0] | 1.3 [0.9, 1.7] |
| <4 college/ associate | 75.4 [67.3, 83.5] | 261.3 [232.5, 290.2] | 8.2 [6.7, 9.8] | 856.2 [663.8, 1048.7] | 79.4 [−16.4, 175.2]a,b | 6.3 [3.7, 9.0] | 4.4 [1.7, 7.1]a,b | 242.1 [213.8, 270.4] | 22.2 [13.4, 31.0] | 1.1 [0.9, 1.2] | 2.6 [1.7, 3.5] | 0.9 [0.8, 1.0] |
| Bachelors/ advanced | 19.8 [15.5, 24.0] | 228.8 [185.4, 272.2] | 3.7 [2.8, 4.5] | 804.9 [588.3, 1021.5]a | 65.1 [−8.6, 138.9]a,b | 3.5 [2.0, 5.1]a | 2.9 [0.1, 5.7]a,b | 290.6 [210.6, 370.5] | 7.5 [3.2, 11.8] | 0.6 [0.5, 0.7] | 0.9 [0.5, 1.4] | 0.6 [0.5, 0.7] |
CI = confidence interval; GED = General Educational Development; HA = Hispanic; HS = high school; NHB = non-Hispanic Black; NHW = non-Hispanic White; NNAL = 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol; OTH = Other Hispanic/Other Race/Multiracial; PATH = Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health.
aSample size is less than 50.
bRelative standard error (RSE) is more than 30%. The RSE is calculated by 100 × standard error (estimate)/estimate.