Table I.
Baseline characteristics and demographics of adult inpatients admitted for COVID-19 at St. Joseph’s Healthcare System
| Baseline characteristics | All patients (n = 900) | ICU (n = 307) | Floor (n = 593) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age [years]: | ||||
| 18–29 | 19 (2.1%) | 4 (1.3%) | 15 (2.5%) | 0.5382 |
| 30–49 | 164 (18.2%) | 49 (16%) | 115 (19.3%) | 0.5786 |
| 50–69 | 383 (42.5%) | 137 (44.6%) | 246 (41.4%) | 0.73 |
| 70–89 | 314 (34.9%) | 115 (37.4%) | 199 (33.5%) | 0.6432 |
| > 90 | 20 (2.2%) | 2 (0.6%) | 18 (3%) | 0.00005471 |
| Sex: | ||||
| Male | 529 (58.7%) | 203 (66.1%) | 326 (55%) | 0.3131 |
| Female | 371 (41.2%) | 104 (33.9%) | 267 (45%) | 0.2114 |
| Race: | ||||
| African American | 175 (19.4%) | 42 (13.7%) | 133 (22.4%) | 0.1476 |
| Hispanic | 418 (46.4%) | 150 (48.9%) | 268 (45.2%) | 0.7029 |
| Caucasian | 225 (25%) | 82 (26.7%) | 143 (24.1%) | 0.7153 |
| Middle eastern | 14 (1.5%) | 6 (1.9%) | 8 (1.3%) | 0.7373 |
| Asian | 26 (2.8%) | 10 (3.2%) | 16 (2.7%) | 0.8369 |
| Unknown | 42 (4.6%) | 17 (5.5%) | 25 (4.2%) | 0.6985 |
| BMI [kg/m2]: | ||||
| 24.9 and below | 189 (21%) | 57 (18.6%) | 132 (22.2%) | 0.573 |
| Overweight – 25–29.9 | 358 (39.7%) | 116 (37.8%) | 242 (40.8%) | 0.7351 |
| Obese – 30–39.9 | 292 (32.4%) | 105 (34.2%) | 187 (31.5%) | 0.7201 |
| Extreme obesity – Greater than 40 | 61 (6.7%) | 29 (9.4%) | 32 (5.4%) | 0.2985 |
| Comorbidities: | ||||
| Asthma | 63 (7%) | 16 (5.2%) | 47 (7.9%) | 0.4557 |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 52 (5.7%) | 19 (6.1%) | 33 (5.5%) | 0.8602 |
| Congestive heart failure | 73 (8.1%) | 25 (8.1%) | 48 (8.1%) | 1 |
| Diabetes | 344 (38.2%) | 127 (41.3%) | 217 (36.6%) | 0.5944 |
| Hypertension | 518 (57.5%) | 177 (57.6%) | 341 (57.5%) | 0.9926 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 18 (2%) | 7 (2.3%) | 11 (1.8%) | 0.805 |
| Chronic kidney disease/ESRD on HD | 91 (10.1%) | 21 (6.9%) | 70 (11.8%) | 0.2572 |
| Organ transplant | 7 (0.7%) | 3 (1%) | 4 (0.7%) | 0.818 |
| Liver disease | 10 (1.1%) | 4 (1.3%) | 6 (1%) | 0.8432 |
| Signs and symptoms: | ||||
| Cough | 625 (69.4%) | 192 (62.5%) | 433 (73%) | 0.367 |
| Fever | 538 (59.7%) | 164 (53.4%) | 374 (63%) | 0.3736 |
| Shortness of breath | 660 (73.3%) | 246 (80.1%) | 414 (69.8%) | 0.4002 |
| Diarrhea | 160 (17.7%) | 41 (13.3%) | 119 (20%) | 0.2456 |
| Myalgia | 263 (29.2%) | 85 (27.7%) | 178 (30%) | 0.7621 |
| Loss of taste or smell | 11 (1.2%) | 2 (0.6%) | 9 (1.5%) | 0.5346 |
| Markers: | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | Median (IQR) | |
| CRP [mg/l] | 190.9 (150.05) | 270 (143) | 163 (124) | 0.00001 |
| Ferritin [ng/ml] | 884 (1208.25) | 1321 (1832) | 733 (1063) | 0.00001 |
| LDH [U/l] | 476 (363) | 677 (425) | 391 (235) | 0.00001 |
| D dimer [µg/ml] | 3.28 (10.63) | 9.9 (16.4) | 1.99 (3.56) | 0.02179 |
| Procalcitonin [ng/ml] | 0.68 (3.55) | 2.1 (7.64) | 0.3 (1.04) | 0.2453 |
| IL-6 [pg/ml] | 67.75 (88.2) | 109 (136.3) | 52.6 (63.7) | 0.00001 |
| Organ failure: | ||||
| Acute kidney Injury | 315 (35%) | 193 (61%) | 122 (39%) | 1.00E-05 |
| Acute liver enzyme elevation | 199 (22.1%) | 110 (55%) | 89 (45%) | 0.1366 |
| Vasopressor use | 204 (22.6%) | 203 (100%) | 1 (0%) | 2.20E-16 |
| Troponin elevation (0.05 ng/ml) | 344 (38.2%) | 185 (54%) | 159 (46%) | 0.161 |
ICU – intensive care unit, IQR – interquartile range, BMI – body mass index calculated as weight divided by height in meters squared, CRP – C-reactive protein in mg/l (to convert to nm/l, multiply by 9.524), LDH – lactate dehydrogenase in U/l (microkatals per liter, multiply by 0.0167), IL-6 – interleukin 6, D dimer in µg/ml (to convert to µm/l, multiply by 5.476), ferritin in ng/ml (pmol/l, multiply by 2.247), troponin in ng/ml (to convert troponin to micrograms per liter, multiply by 1; ESD on HD = end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis. P-value is the comparison between ICU and floor groups of patients. Cardiac injury defined as elevation of troponin above 0.05 ng/ml, renal injury defined as acute increase in serum creatinine > 0.3 mg/dl above baseline or new end stage renal disease, shock defined as vasopressor use, liver failure defined as elevation of liver function tests three times the upper limit of normal.