Table 4.

Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, COVID-19 hospitalization, and COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality

	Odds Ratio for Testing Positive		Odds ratio for Hospitalization		Odds ratio for In-Hospital Mortality
Variable	Unadjusted	Multivariate	Unadjusted	Multivariate	Unadjusted	Multivariate 1
White	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)
Hispanic	4.21 (4.12 – 4.31)	3.09 (2.99 – 3.18)	0.85 (0.8 – 0.9)	1.31 (1.22 – 1.42)	0.89 (0.77 – 1.03)	1.41 (1.15 – 1.71)
Black	1.65 (1.57 – 1.73)	1.35 (1.28 – 1.43)	0.98 (0.87 – 1.1)	1.18 (1.02 – 1.36)	0.89 (0.65 – 1.21)	1.05 (0.73 – 1.52)
Asian	1.32 (1.26 – 1.38)	1.31 (1.25 – 1.38)	1.36 (1.23 – 1.52)	1.62 (1.43 – 1.84)	0.97 (0.75 – 1.25)	0.93 (0.69 – 1.25)
NH/PI	2.55 (2.31 – 2.82)	2.23 (2.01 – 2.48)	1.4 (1.11 – 1.77)	2.01 (1.55 – 2.61)	0.85 (0.47 – 1.54)	1.17 (0.6 – 2.28)
AI/AN	1.51 (1.36 – 1.67)	1.33 (1.2 – 1.48)	1.3 (1.01 – 1.67)	1.56 (1.17 – 2.06)	1.53 (0.87 – 2.68)	1.92 (0.96 – 3.81)
Other	1.92 (1.83 – 2.01)	1.69 (1.6 – 1.78)	1.12 (1 – 1.25)	1.32 (1.16 – 1.5)	0.88 (0.67 – 1.15)	1.09 (0.8 – 1.49)
Unknown	1.6 (1.55 – 1.65)	1.49 (1.41 – 1.56)	0.32 (0.28 – 0.36)	0.65 (0.57 – 0.74)	0.79 (0.56 – 1.12)	1.01 (0.69 – 1.49)
Age (years)	0.83 (0.82 – 0.83)	1.12 (1.1 – 1.14)	2.93 (2.85 – 3.01)	2.32 (2.21 – 2.44)	2.13 (1.97 – 2.29)	5.37 (2.74 – 10.56)
Age-squared	1.03 (1.02 – 1.04)	1.13 (1.12 – 1.15)	1.63 (1.59 – 1.66)	0.86 (0.83 – 0.88)	1.93 (1.81 – 2.06)	0.42 (0.23 – 0.75)
Female	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)
Male	1.21 (1.19 – 1.23)	1.27 (1.25 – 1.29)	1.43 (1.36 – 1.5)	1.6 (1.51 – 1.69)	1.23 (1.09 – 1.39)	1.1 (0.95 – 1.27)
CCI	0.94 (0.94 – 0.95)	0.97 (0.96 – 0.98)	1.42 (1.4 – 1.43)	1.15 (1.13 – 1.17)	1.19 (1.17 – 1.21)	1.07 (1.04 – 1.1)
Hypertension	0.85 (0.83 – 0.87)	0.97 (0.95 – 1)	3.29 (3.12 – 3.46)	1.12 (1.05 – 1.19)	1.19 (1.05 – 1.34)	0.72 (0.62 – 0.84)
Underweight	0.92 (0.85 – 0.99)	0.94 (0.87 – 1.03)	2.2 (1.87 – 2.58)	1.43 (1.18 – 1.74)	1.1 (0.79 – 1.52)	0.85 (0.59 – 1.21)
Normal	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)
Overweight	1.26 (1.22 – 1.3)	1.15 (1.12 – 1.19)	0.88 (0.83 – 0.94)	0.89 (0.83 – 0.96)	0.9 (0.77 – 1.05)	1.04 (0.87 – 1.25)
Class 1 Obesity	1.38 (1.25 – 1.52)	1.21 (1.16 – 1.25)	0.93 (0.87 – 1)	1.06 (0.97 – 1.15)	0.77 (0.65 – 0.93)	1.05 (0.85 – 1.3)
Class 2 Obesity	1.38 (1.18 – 1.62)	1.24 (1.19 – 1.3)	0.99 (0.91 – 1.08)	1.32 (1.2 – 1.47)	0.73 (0.58 – 0.92)	1.14 (0.86 – 1.49)
Class 3 Obesity	1.41 (1.15 – 1.74)	1.25 (1.2 – 1.31)	1.29 (1.17 – 1.41)	1.99 (1.79 – 2.21)	0.82 (0.65 – 1.04)	1.56 (1.17 – 2.06)
Commercial Insurance	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)	(ref)
Medicaid	1.49 (1.46 – 1.52)	1.14 (1.11 – 1.17)	3.82 (3.58 – 4.07)	2.84 (2.64 – 3.04)	2.87 (2.27 – 3.63)	1.63 (1.25 – 2.12)
Medicare	0.6 (0.59 – 0.62)	0.59 (0.57 – 0.61)	8.38 (7.79 – 9.02)	2.05 (1.87 – 2.24)	3.86 (3.03 – 4.92)	1.48 (1.11 – 1.96)
Uninsured/Self-pay	4.58 (4.27 – 4.91)	2.85 (2.66 – 3.07)	1.36 (1.11 – 1.67)	1.57 (1.27 – 1.94)	1.63 (0.82 – 3.24)	1.27 (0.59 – 2.72)
Median income (log)	0.72 (0.71 – 0.72)	0.84 (0.83 – 0.85)	0.96 (0.94 – 0.98)	1.06 (1.03 – 1.1)	0.98 (0.93 – 1.05)	0.97 (0.89 – 1.05)
% Crowded housing	1.39 (1.38 – 1.4)	1.01 (0.99 – 1.03)	1.06 (1.03 – 1.08)	0.92 (0.87 – 0.98)	1.06 (1 – 1.12)	1.03 (0.87 – 1.21)
% Minority	1.47 (1.46 – 1.49)	0.99 (0.97 – 1.01)	1.07 (1.03 – 1.1)	0.92 (0.86 – 0.98)	1.07 (1.01 – 1.14)	1.07 (0.92 – 1.25)
% Limited English	1.44 (1.43 – 1.45)	1.13 (1.11 – 1.15)	1.17 (1.13 – 1.2)	1.33 (1.24 – 1.43)	1 (0.93 – 1.08)	0.96 (0.81 – 1.14)
WHO Score 3	-	-	-	-	(ref)	(ref)
WHO Score 4	-	-	-	-	1.94 (1.68 – 2.22)	1.79 (1.54 – 2.08)
WHO Score 5	-	-	-	-	7.52 (6.15 – 9.19)	6.5 (5.17 – 8.17)
WHO Score 6	-	-	-	-	6.8 (4.62 – 10)	5.32 (3.4 – 8.3)
WHO Score 7	-	-	-	-	9.65 (6.45 – 14.42)	6.57 (4.15 – 10.38)
WBC > 12 ×10^9/L	-	-	-	-	2.19 (1.91 – 2.52)	1.67 (1.41 – 1.98)
Lymphocyte < 1 ×10^9/L	-	-	-	-	1.5 (1.31 – 1.71)	1.26 (1.08 – 1.47)
Platelet, < 150,000 ×10^9/L	-	-	-	-	1.57 (1.37 – 1.81)	1.32 (1.13 – 1.55)
AST > 40 U/L	-	-	-	-	1.73 (1.53 – 1.96)	1.66 (1.44 – 1.92)
BUN > 20 mg/dL	-	-	-	-	4.18 (3.66 – 4.76)	1.95 (1.66 – 2.31)
Creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL	-	-	-	-	2.97 (2.59 – 3.4)	1.38 (1.16 – 1.65)
Total bilirubin > 1.2 mg/dL	-	-	-	-	1.91 (1.45 – 2.53)	1.45 (1.00 – 2.11)
Sodium < 130 mmol/L	-	-	-	-	1.33 (1.06 – 1.67)	1.25 (0.96 – 1.61)