Table 2.

Single Variable MR Results of the Genetic Liability of Alcohol, Cannabis and Lifetime Smoking Exposures on FinnGen Infectious Disease Outcomes

Outcome	Exposure	N SNPs	Odds Ratio	CI Lower Bound	CI Upper Bound	P-value
Acute nasopharyngitis (common cold)	Lifetime smoking	117	2.330	1.059	5.129	0.036
	Cannabis use	42	1.156	0.870	1.536	0.318
	Cannabis use disorder	27	0.962	0.825	1.121	0.616
	Drinks per week	89	1.479	0.677	3.232	0.327
	Alcohol use disorder	11	0.987	0.804	1.211	0.901
Influenza
	Lifetime smoking	117	1.836	0.986	3.418	0.055
	Cannabis use	43	0.992	0.790	1.248	0.949
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.029	0.907	1.167	0.660
	Drinks per week	89	1.098	0.576	2.094	0.776
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.104	0.928	1.314	0.264
Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases
	Lifetime smoking	111	2.303	1.713	3.097	3.40E-08
	Cannabis use	43	0.979	0.892	1.074	0.652
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.078	1.020	1.138	0.007
	Drinks per week	89	1.049	0.799	1.377	0.733
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.008	0.945	1.075	0.818
Acute Upper Respiratory Infections	Lifetime smoking	117	1.550	1.223	1.962	2.80E-04
	Cannabis use	43	1.014	0.935	1.099	0.737
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.047	0.998	1.098	0.062
	Drinks per week	87	1.100	0.855	1.415	0.457
	Alcohol use disorder	11	0.987	0.923	1.056	0.712
Viral Pneumonia	Lifetime smoking	117	0.629	0.129	3.055	0.565
	Cannabis use	43	1.401	0.797	2.464	0.241
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.147	0.815	1.615	0.432
	Drinks per week	89	0.660	0.131	3.318	0.614
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.159	0.758	1.775	0.496
Bacterial Pneumoniae	Lifetime smoking	117	2.083	1.352	3.208	8.70E-04
	Cannabis use	43	1.083	0.933	1.256	0.296
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.092	0.998	1.194	0.056
	Drinks per week	89	1.023	0.659	1.587	0.921
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.034	0.904	1.182	0.628
All Pneumoniae
	Lifetime smoking	117	1.589	1.214	2.078	7.33E-04
	Cannabis use	43	1.025	0.933	1.125	0.609
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.061	0.999	1.126	0.053
	Drinks per week	89	1.058	0.810	1.381	0.679
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.039	0.972	1.110	0.260
Asthma related infections	Lifetime smoking	117	1.573	1.309	1.890	1.37E-06
	Cannabis use	43	1.004	0.942	1.070	0.904
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.058	1.010	1.109	0.018
	Drinks per week	89	1.035	0.831	1.288	0.761
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.002	0.954	1.051	0.947
Asthma-related acute respiratory infections	Lifetime smoking	117	1.665	1.325	2.093	1.26E-05
	Cannabis use	43	0.995	0.925	1.071	0.896
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.053	1.007	1.102	0.023
	Drinks per week	89	1.022	0.797	1.312	0.864
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.005	0.947	1.068	0.859
Asthma-related pneumonia or sepsis	Lifetime smoking	117	1.580	1.213	2.060	7.05E-04
	Cannabis use	43	1.020	0.932	1.115	0.670
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.064	1.003	1.127	0.038
	Drinks per week	89	1.074	0.827	1.395	0.593
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.036	0.970	1.106	0.291
Asthma-related pneumonia
	Lifetime smoking	117	1.662	1.276	2.165	1.67E-04
	Cannabis use	43	1.025	0.936	1.123	0.596
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.070	1.007	1.137	0.028
	Drinks per week	89	1.076	0.818	1.414	0.601
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.033	0.966	1.104	0.339
Asthma/COPD (Kela code 203)	Lifetime smoking	112	2.069	1.471	2.909	2.90E-05
	Cannabis use	42	0.966	0.845	1.105	0.613
	Cannabis use disorder	27	1.048	0.985	1.114	0.136
	Drinks per week	89	1.059	0.775	1.447	0.720
	Alcohol use disorder	11	1.014	0.935	1.099	0.745

Abbreviations: MR, mendelian randomization; GWAS, genome wide association study; N SNPs, number of single-nucleotide polymorphism (genetic instruments); OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval. Boldface indicates conventional statistical significance (P<0.05).

^aResults from two sample SVMR inverse-variance weighted MR analysis; outliers identified by MR PRESSO tool were removed; estimated associations reported as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.

^bGenetic instruments selected from 5 GWASs, selection threshold P < 5 × 10⁻⁸ or P < 5 × 10⁻⁶, clumped at linkage disequilibrium (LD) r² = .001 (10 000 kilobase pair window); N SNPs differs across outcomes depending on number of genetic instruments found in outcome GWASs.