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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2020 Sep 2;229:259–266. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.08.084

Table II.

Medical conditions most frequently associated with health service utilization in children with intellectual and developmental disabilities

Inpatient hospitalizations
Rank for intellectual and developmental disabilities cohort CCS code CCS description Total admissions Rate per 1000 RR* 95% CI
1   83 Epilepsy/convulsions 1879 17.3 19.43 18.56-20.34
2 657 Mood disorders   941   8.6 6.19 5.80-6.60
3 122 Pneumonia   791   7.3 4.59 4.28-4.92
4   82 Paralysis   615   5.7 224.02 204.50-245.41
5 128 Asthma   608   5.6 3.60 3.33-3.90
6   55 Fluid/electrolyte disorder   436   4.0 6.57 5.98-7.22
7 217 Other congenital anomaly   430   4.0 9.56 8.69-10.52
8 652 Behavior disorders   395   3.6 23.51 21.26-25.99
9   58 Other nutrition disorder   378   3.5 16.86 15.22-18.67
10 125 Bronchitis   355   3.3 2.08 1.87-2.31
11 237 Implant/graft complication   322   3.0 9.15 8.20-10.22
12 126 Upper respiratory infection   259   2.4 4.87 4.31-5.51
13   81 Other hereditary CNS   254   2.3 37.70 33.22-42.78
14 129 Aspiration pneumonitis   247   2.3 34.12 30.02-38.77
15 155 Other GI disorder   235   2.2 8.48 7.45-9.64
Outpatient ED care
Rank for intellectual and developmental disabilities cohort CCS code CCS description Total ED visits Rate per 1000 RR† 95% CI
1 126 Other upper respiratory infection 7114 65.4 1.51 1.47-1.54
2 239 Superficial injury/contusion 3787 34.8 1.51 1.47-1.56
3   92 Otitis media 3542 32.6 1.58 1.52-1.63
4 246 Unknown origin fever 3201 29.4 1.77 1.71-1.83
5 244 Other injury/condition 2824 26.0 1.67 1.61-1.73
6  7 Viral infection 2727 25.1 2.09 2.02-2.17
7   83 Epilepsy/convulsions 2658 24.4 7.58 7.29-7.87
8 128 Asthma 2473 22.7 2.44 2.34-2.54
9 235 Open wound head/trunk 2171 20.0 1.32 1.27-1.38
10 250 Nausea/vomiting 2127 19.6 2.00 1.92-2.09
11 155 Other GI disorder 2114 19.4 2.84 2.72-2.96
12 133 Other lower respiratory disease 1734 15.9 2.36 2.25-2.47
13 232 Sprain/strain 1571 14.4 0.95‡ 0.91-1.00
14 652 Behavior disorders 1485 13.7 14.95 14.20-15.74
15 253 Allergic reaction 1443 13.3 1.37 1.30-1.44

GI, gastrointestinal.

*

All 15 diagnoses were associated with significantly higher RR of hospitalization (P < .0001) in the cohort with intellectual and developmental disabilities than in the benchmark population of US children (HCUP NIS21).

†

All diagnoses except sprain/strain were associated with significantly higher RR of ED care (P < .0001) in the cohort with intellectual and developmental disabilities than in the benchmark population of US children (HCUP NEDS22).

‡

P = .06.