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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2020 Dec 23;41(1):217–219. doi: 10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315517

Figure. Regulation of endothelial high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in low density lipoprotein (LDL) transcytosis.

Figure.

LDL induces increased HMGB1 expression and redistribution of HMGB1 from cytosol to nuclei in endothelial cells (ECs), where nuclear HMGB1 stabilizes SREBP2 and prolongs its half-life to upregulate scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) expression. SR-B1 locates in caveolae and mediates the transcytosis of LDL across EC layer and accumulation of LDL in subendothelial space. On the other side, extracellular HMGB1 released from cells under cellular stress triggers the inflammatory response acting as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP). Intracellular and extracellular HMGB1 synergistically accelerate atherogenesis by facilitating LDL transcytosis and inflammation.