Table 1. Emerging pathogenesis-targeted treatments in Parkinson’s disease.
| Category | Treatment agent(s) |
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers |
Trial phase |
Proposed mechanism of action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alpha-synuclein immunotherapy |
PRX002 BIIB054 ABBV-0805 |
NCT03100149 NCT03318523 NCT03716570 NCT04127695 |
Phase 2 Phase 2 Phase 1 Phase 1 |
Passive immunization via infused alpha- synuclein antibodies |
| PD01A PD03A |
NCT01568099 NCT02618941 NCT02267434 |
Phase 1 Phase 1 Phase 1 |
Active immunization via administration of synthetic peptide sequences |
|
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitor | Nilotinib K0706 |
NCT03205488 NCT02954978 NCT03655236 |
Phase 2 Phase 2 Phase 2 |
Inhibition of Abelson tyrosine kinase (which inhibits Parkin) |
| Glucagon-like peptide 1 agonist |
Exenatide Semaglutide Liraglutide |
NCT04269642 NCT04305002 NCT04154072 NCT04232969 NCT03659682 NCT02953665 |
Phase 2 Phase 2 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 2 |
Acts on MAP kinase and PI3 kinase to decrease neuroinflammation |
| Gut dysbiosis | Fecal transplant |
NCT03671785 NCT03876327 NCT03808389 |
Phase 1 Phase 2/3 -- |
Microbiota transfer via fecal transplantation from healthy donor |
| Resistant maltodextrin |
NCT03667404 | Phase 2 | Prebiotic treatment to regulate gut microbiome |
|
| Glucocerebrosidase-targeted therapy |
Ambroxol | NCT02914366 | Phase 2 | Increase levels of beta- glucocerebrosidase to lower alpha- synuclein levels |
| PR001A | NCT04127578 | Phase 1/2a |
GBA gene delivered to neurons via viral vector |