Table 4. Use of prophylaxis before or after lyssavirus exposure in humans, domestic animals, and wildlife^2,11,112.

Group	Pre-exposure prophylaxis	Post-exposure prophylaxis
Humans	Parenteral vaccine doses administered to any persons at risk of viral exposure, with serological surveillance of certain occupational groups (i.e. laboratory workers, veterinarians, etc.) for determination of a routine booster when immunity wanes, based upon virus neutralization antibody detection	Thorough wound cleansing, infiltration of rabies immunoglobulin into wounds, and parenteral administration of several doses of rabies vaccine (for the previously vaccinated person, only rabies vaccine is administered)
Domestic animals	Ideally, all domestic animals (but especially dogs and cats) at risk of exposure should receive a single parenteral vaccine at around 3 months of age, a booster at about 1 year of age, and periodic annual or triennial boosters dependent upon label indications and local regulations	Immediate, single, parenteral re-vaccination upon known exposure to invoke an anamnestic response
Wildlife	Mesocarnivore reservoirs (e.g. coyotes, ferret badgers, foxes, jackals, mongoose, raccoons, raccoon dogs, etc.) may be targeted for oral vaccination by well-designed programs for which vaccine safety and efficacy have been determined (in addition, parenteral vaccination may occur for mammals maintained in zoological collections or by trap-vaccinate-release of free-ranging wild mammals)	Primarily occurs naturally when a previously vaccinated animal develops an anamnestic response upon consumption of another dose of oral vaccine