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. 2020 Dec 4;9:20. doi: 10.12703/r/9-20

Figure 5. Base excision repair (BER)-mediated gene knock-in and gene correction strategies.

Figure 5.

(A) C-to-T (or G-to-A) substitution by direct conversion of cytidine to uridine using cytidine base editors. (B) A-to-G (or T-to-C) substitution by direct conversion of adenine to inosine using adenine base editors. (C) Concurrent adenine and cytosine editing by a dual-deaminase CRISPR base editor. (D) Targeted C-to-G base transversions by a Cas9n-R33A-eUNG base editor. (E) Program exon skipping and (F) restore full-length mRNA by mutating target DNA bases within splice acceptor sites. (G) Enrich base-edited cells by eradicating non-edited cells using an inducible active Cas9 with the same sgRNA as the base editor. ABE, adenine base editor; APOBEC1, apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1; BPNLS, biparticle nucleus localization signal; eUNG, an Escherichia coli–derived uracil DNA N-glycosylase; R33A, a rat APOBEC1 cytidine deaminase variant; TadA, adenosine deaminase; UGI, uracil glycosylase inhibitor.