Table 2. List of risk factors for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

•  Age ≥65 years    •  Immunocompromised states (diabetes mellitus, HIV)    •  Gastric acid suppressants (PPIs and H2 blockers)    •  Hypervirulent strains of C. difficile (ribotype 027, 078, or 244)    •  Inflammatory bowel disease    •  Recent gastrointestinal surgery (partial colectomy)    •  Previous C. difficile infection(s)    •  Chronic/end-stage renal disease    •  Antibiotic use – current or within the past 3 months

HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PPIs, proton pump inhibitors