Table 1.

Thermodynamic Stability and Emulsification Efficacy Test of GKA-SNEDSS

Formulation Code	Smix Ratio (w/w)	Formulation Composition		Thermodynamic Stability Studies			Emulsification Efficacy Test (1:500)
		GKA (mg/mL)	Maisine CC/Labrasol ALF/Transcutol HP (%,w/w/w)	Cent	HCC	FTC	Distilled Water	0.1N HCl
F01	1:1	0.50	15:42.5:42.5	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F02		0.50	20:40:40	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F03		0.50	25:37.5:37.5	√	√	√	Grade D	Grade D
F04	2:1	0.50	15:56.67:28.33	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F05		0.50	20:53.33:26.67	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F06		0.50	25:50:25	√	√	√	Grade C	Grade C
F07	3:1	0.50	15:75:15	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F08		0.50	20:60:20	√	√	√	Grade A	Grade A
F09		0.50	25:56.25:18.75	√	√	√	Grade C	Grade C
F10	4:1	0.50	15:68:17	√	√	√	Grade B	Grade B
F11		0.50	20:64:16	√	√	√	Grade A	Grade A
F12		0.50	25:60:15	√	√	√	Grade C	Grade C

Note: √, Indicates the formulation passed the test.

Abbreviations: Cent, centrifugation (3500 rpm for 30 minutes); HCC, heating–cooling cycle (six heating and six cooling cycles, 4 °C and 45 °C for every 48 hours); FTC, freeze– thaw cycle (between −20 °C and 25± 2 °C in deep-freezer).