Table 5. Outcome prediction performance of different approaches in simulated scenarios.

Scenario	Performance Parameter (Outcome prediction)	Standard					HDSI
		LASSO	Adaptive LASSO	Group LASSO	Random LASSO	Regression	HDSI_L	HDSI_AL	HDSI_R
1	Test Dataset
	RMSE	0.47	0.47	0.27	0.51	0.43	0.26	0.26	0.26
	R2	0.72	0.71	0.90	0.71	0.72	0.90	0.90	0.90
2	Test Dataset
	RMSE	0.41	0.40	0.28	0.50	0.42	0.25	0.25	0.25
	R2	0.76	0.76	0.87	0.75	0.73	0.89	0.89	0.89
3	Test Dataset
	RMSE	0.42	0.42	0.27	0.61	0.40	0.26	0.26	0.26
	R2	0.75	0.75	0.88	0.72	0.74	0.89	0.89	0.89
4	Test Dataset
	RMSE	0.41	0.40	0.29	0.48	0.42	0.25	0.25	0.26
	R2	0.57	0.57	0.74	0.57	0.52	0.80	0.80	0.77