TABLE 4.

Clinical Characteristics

Characteristic	Brain, No. (%)	Spine, No. (%)	Sample, No. (%)
Presenting symptoms
Numbness/tingling	27 (24)	101 (67)	128 (49)
Weakness	32 (28)	76 (51)	108 (41)
Headache	72 (63)	27 (18)	99 (38)
Back pain	6 (5)	87 (58)	93 (35)
Radiating back pain	3 (3)	69 (46)	72 (27)
Sleepiness	32 (28)	22 (15)	54 (21)
Memory loss	25 (22)	10 (7)	35 (13)
Nausea/vomiting	46 (40)	7 (5)	53 (20)
Trouble with speaking or writing	21 (18)	9 (6)	30 (11)
Personality change	20 (18)	13 (9)	33 (13)
Seizures	12 (11)	3 (2)	15 (6)
Problems with thinking or completing tasks	30 (26)	12 (8)	42 (16)
Problems with urinating	3 (3)	38 (25)	41 (16)
Visual problems	43 (38)	7 (5)	50 (19)
Sexual dysfunction	4 (4)	21 (14)	25 (10)
Duration of presenting symptoms
No symptoms	3 (3)	2 (1)	5 (2)
<1 mo	22 (20)	11 (8)	33 (13)
1–2 mo	14 (13)	9 (6)	23 (9)
3–4 mo	17 (15)	14 (10)	31 (12)
5–6 mo	13 (12)	11 (8)	24 (9)
7–11 mo	13 (12)	15 (10)	28 (11)
1–4 y	19 (17)	49 (34)	68 (26)
≥5 y	11 (10)	35 (24)	46 (18)
Condition after initial surgery
Better	70 (66)	78 (53)	148 (59)
Same	7 (7)	15 (10)	22 (9)
Worse	29 (27)	54 (37)	83 (33)
Postsurgery complications
Infection	13 (11)	7 (5)	20 (8)
Blood clot	7 (6)	6 (4)	13 (5)
Bleeding in the brain	4 (4)	-	4 (2)
Seizure	13 (11)	2 (1)	15 (6)
Diabetes	2 (2)	5 (3)	7 (3)
Drug allergy	4 (4)	9 (6)	13 (5)
Weakness	39 (34)	66 (44)	105 (40)
Paralysis	13 (11)	29 (19)	42 (16)
Inability to urinate	6 (5)	21 (14)	27 (10)
Incontinence (urine or bowel movements)	2 (2)	28 (19)	30 (11)
Sexual dysfunction	7 (6)	34 (23)	41 (16)

All data are from patient self-reports, and they have not been verified with medical records.

The number of patients varies from category to category due to missing data.