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. 2021 Feb 16;16(2):e0246832. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246832

Table 1. Definitions of exposure—mode of birth.

Mode of birth classification MCS SAIL
Maternal report Operating procedure codes
Vaginal delivery (VD) Normal delivery R24 Normal delivery
Waterbirth R23 Cephalic vaginal delivery with abnormal presentation of head at delivery without instrument
Assisted vaginal delivery (Assisted VD) Forceps R19 Breech extraction delivery
Vacuum R20 Other breech delivery
Assisted breech R21 Forceps cephalic delivery
Other assisted delivery R22 Vacuum delivery
Planned caesarean section (Planned CS) Planned caesarean R17 Elective caesarean delivery
Emergency caesarean section (Emergency CS) Emergency caesarean R18 Other caesarean delivery
Missing Refuse to answer, not known, irrelevant or non-codable R25 Other method of delivery