Table 5.
The Cortical Gray-Matter Volume and SN Volume AIs Between the Two Subtypes in ADHD and TD Groups
| Region | AI | χ2 | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADHD | TD | ||||
| Cortical regions (mm3) | ADHD-I | ADHD-C | |||
| Bankssts | 4.36 (2.23) | 0.43 (3.05) | 0.38 (1.77) | 1.322 | 0.516 |
| Caudal anterior cingulate | −9.35 (2.69) | 4.42 (4.70) | −7.61 (2.60) | 6.390 | 0.041* |
| Caudal middle frontal | 6.02 (2.15) | 6.72 (2.59) | 7.68 (1.70) | 0.137 | 0.934 |
| Cuneus | −4.74 (1.41) | −6.68 (2.30) | −2.35 (1.86) | 1.783 | 0.410 |
| Entorhinal | 2.26 (2.49) | 10.13 (2.48) | 3.22 (2.12) | 4.760 | 0.093 |
| Fusiform | 1.75 (1.51) | 0.38 (1.34) | 1.52 (1.04) | 0.615 | 0.735 |
| Inferior parietal | −8.90 (1.19) | −9.15 (1.27) | −9.75 (0.95) | 0.213 | 0.899 |
| Inferior temporal | −0.91 (1.51) | 2.41 (2.34) | 0.96 (1.23) | 2.777 | 0.249 |
| Isthmus cingulate | 3.71 (1.31) | 9.97 (1.56) | 3.86 (1.29) | 7.616 | 0.022* |
| Lateral occipital | −1.53 (1.12) | −2.24 (2.11) | −0.05 (0.99) | 1.771 | 0.412 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal | 2.87 (0.84) | 1.51 (1.18) | 1.93 (0.69) | 0.501 | 0.779 |
| Lingual | −0.73 (1.11) | −1.76 (0.83) | −2.44 (0.86) | 1.419 | 0.492 |
| Medial orbitofrontal | −0.12 (1.55) | −2.06 (1.52) | −1.59 (1.02) | 0.352 | 0.839 |
| Middle temporal | −5.40 (1.29) | −4.30 (1.88) | −2.98 (0.92) | 2.267 | 0.322 |
| Parahippocampal | 1.46 (1.28) | 3.37 (2.10) | 2.50 (1.54) | 1.044 | 0.593 |
| Paracentral | −5.22 (2.03) | −9.00 (2.04) | −3.79 (1.43) | 3.874 | 0.144 |
| Pars opercularis | 7.97 (1.88) | 10.57 (2.14) | 8.88 (1.90) | 1.076 | 0.584 |
| Pars orbitalis | −11.49 (1.70) | −13.20 (1.61) | −8.66 (1.25) | 4.126 | 0.127 |
| Pars triangularis | −7.15 (1.75) | −10.88 (2.11) | −7.99 (1.59) | 1.616 | 0.446 |
| Pericalcarine | −4.73 (1.17) | −8.45 (1.25) | −7.48 (1.51) | 5.137 | 0.077 |
| Postcentral | 1.66 (1.47) | 2.86 (1.41) | 3.65 (1.27) | 1.438 | 0.487 |
| Posterior cingulate | 2.00 (2.17) | 5.51 (2.30) | 0.64 (1.42) | 4.066 | 0.131 |
| Precentral | 0.41 (1.11) | 1.61 (1.38) | −0.26 (0.69) | 2.099 | 0.350 |
| Precuneus | −0.28 (1.25) | −1.88 (1.31) | −0.43 (0.98) | 1.187 | 0.552 |
| Rostral anterior cingulate | 9.91 (2.39) | 15.38 (4.77) | 12.31 (2.27) | 1.197 | 0.550 |
| Rostral middle frontal | 2.22 (1.30) | −1.77 (0.87) | −1.22 (0.64) | 3.079 | 0.215 |
| Superior frontal | 3.61 (0.89) | 0.39 (0.91) | 2.32 (0.59) | 6.000 | 0.050* |
| Superior parietal | −0.08 (1.31) | 1.86 (1.67) | 0.63 (0.83) | 2.465 | 0.292 |
| Superior temporal | 1.90 (1.03) | 2.36 (1.20) | 3.09 (0.79) | 0.231 | 0.891 |
| Supramarginal | 5.37 (1.39) | 3.31 (1.84) | 4.16 (1.21) | 1.113 | 0.573 |
| Frontal pole | −11.72 (2.18) | −15.39 (3.50) | −14.05 (1.46) | 2.413 | 0.299 |
| Temporal pole | 3.86 (1.84) | 7.86 (2.56) | 4.32 (1.33) | 1.326 | 0.515 |
| Transverse temporal | 14.76 (1.45) | 18.00 (2.29) | 14.93 (1.30) | 1.913 | 0.384 |
| Insula | −1.32 (0.98) | −0.61 (0.54) | −0.28 (0.81) | 0.753 | 0.686 |
| SN (mm3) | |||||
| Thalamus | −1.03 (0.37) | −2.08 (0.53) | −1.86 (0.34) | 3.537 | 0.171 |
| Caudate | −1.89 (0.53) | −2.20 (0.67) | −1.52 (0.47) | 1.076 | 0.584 |
| Putamen | 1.50 (0.48) | 2.29 (0.70) | 1.68 (0.29) | 1.212 | 0.546 |
| Pallidum | 3.92 (0.72) | 6.00 (0.61) | 5.12 (0.62) | 3.623 | 0.163 |
| Hippocampus | −1.66 (0.59) | −2.45 (0.92) | −0.96 (0.45) | 2.062 | 0.357 |
| Amygdala | 0.20 (1.07) | 0.42 (1.19) | 1.09 (0.81) | 0.487 | 0.784 |
| Accumbens | −3.28 (1.27) | −4.64 (1.43) | −2.70 (1.08) | 1.224 | 0.542 |
Notes: Continuous variables were expressed as mean (SEM). *Significant at P≤ 0.05.
Abbreviations: SN, subcortical nucleus; AI, asymmetry index; ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; TD, typically developing; ADHD-I, inattentive attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-C, combined attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.