Table 4.
The Bivariable and Multivariable Multilevel Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with HIV Testing Among Pregnant Women in Eastern Africa
| Variables | Ever Tested for HIV | COR(95% CI) | AOR(95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No | Yes | ||||
| Respondent age | 15–19 | 1922 | 5356 | 1 | 1 |
| 20–24 | 3000 | 11,744 | 1.48(1.38, 1.59) | 1.51(1.37, 1.66)* | |
| 25–29 | 2761 | 10,402 | 1.41(1.31, 1.51) | 1.52(1.37, 1.68)* | |
| 30–34 | 2140 | 7435 | 1.41(1.31, 1.52) | 1.58(1.42, 1.76)* | |
| 35 and above | 2165 | 6495 | 1.19(1.10, 1.29) | 1.45(1.30, 1.61)* | |
| Visiting health facility | No | 5943 | 11,074 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 6043 | 30,358 | 3.53(3.36, 3.70) | 2.56(2.40, 2.72)* | |
| Highest educational level | No education | 5192 | 6633 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary education | 5449 | 22,659 | 3.59(3.40, 3.78) | 2.57(2.40, 2.75)* | |
| Secondary education | 1259 | 10,189 | 4.69(6.03, 6.98) | 2.47(2.15, 2.62)* | |
| Higher education | 88 | 1951 | 15.36(12.48, 18.91) | 3.77(2.94, 4.83)* | |
| Wealth status | Poor | 6925 | 17,699 | 1 | 1 |
| Middle | 2459 | 7811 | 1.49(1.40, 1.58) | 1.06(0.98, 1.14)* | |
| Rich | 2603 | 15,922 | 2.84(2.69. 3.01) | 1.17(1.08, 1.27)* | |
| Marital status | Never married | 385 | 3351 | 1 | 1 |
| Married | 10,609 | 34,945 | 0.45(0.41, 0.51) | 0.92(0.80, 1.06) | |
| Widowed/divorced/separated | 994 | 3136 | 0.41(0.36, 0.47) | 0.62(0.53, 0.74)* | |
| Multiple sexual partner | No | 5340 | 20,806 | 0.94(0.89, 0.98) | 0.20(0.18, 0.22)* |
| Yes | 6648 | 20,625 | 1 | 1 | |
| HIV knowledge | Low knowledge | 2473 | 3571 | 1 | 1 |
| Higher knowledge | 7976 | 18,122 | 1.49(1.39. 1.58) | 1.09(1.01, 1.18)* | |
| Comprehensive knowledge | 1539 | 19,738 | 9.48(8.75, 10.28) | 3.31(3.01, 3.65)* | |
| Stigma indicator | Higher stigma | 84201 | 9110 | 1 | 1 |
| Moderate stigma | 2697 | 20,075 | 12.22(11.51, 12.98) | 9.55(8.92, 10.22)* | |
| Low stigma | 809 | 10,256 | 26.09 (23.76, 28.64) | 21.91(19.79, 24.26)* | |
| No stigma | 61 | 1990 | 35.51(28.36, 44.46) | 26.07(20.62, 32.97)* | |
| Residence | Urban | 1108 | 10,418 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 10,878 | 31,014 | 0.36(0.34, 0.39) | 0.61(0.56, 0.67)* | |
| Working statues | Not employed | 5392 | 19,486 | 1 | 1 |
| Employed | 6595 | 21,946 | 0.96(0.91, 1.00) | 0.78(0.74, 0.83)* | |
| Risky sexual behavior | Higher risk | 525 | 4137 | 2.79(2.52, 3.10) | 8.66(7.37, 10.17)* |
| Some risk | 7149 | 24,720 | 1.19(1.13, 1.24) | 4.61(4.16, 5.11)* | |
| No risk | 4313 | 12,575 | 1 | 1 | |
| Age at sex | Before 20 years | 9498 | 31,085 | 1 | 1 |
| At 20 and above years | 2489 | 10,347 | 1.32(1.25, 1.39) | 1.49(1.38, 1.60)* | |
| Awareness of MTCT | No | 550 | 1286 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 11,438 | 40,145 | 1.62(1.45, 1.81) | 1.29(1.12, 1.48)* | |
| Community level education | Low | 6849 | 18,666 | 1 | 1 |
| High | 5139 | 22,766 | 2.92(2.54, 3.36) | 1.88(1.58, 2.25)* | |
Note: *p-value≤0.05.