Table 2.
Summary of mean difference for outcomes of subgroup analysis in terms of study type and implant.
| Outcome or subgroup | Number of studies | Participants (Stemless/Stemmed) | ES (95% CI) | I2 (%) | P value |
| Constant score | MD | ||||
| All | 5 | 101/105 | 2.07 (−2.98 to 7.13) | 50 | .42 |
| Subgroup analysis | |||||
| Study type | |||||
| RCT or PCS | 2 | 24/28 | −0.90 (−8.83 to 7.02) | 26 | .82 |
| RCS | 3 | 77/77 | 3.52 (-2.75 to 9.80) | 55 | .27 |
| Implant | |||||
| TSA | 4 | 77/81 | 2.10 (−4.25 to 8.45) | 60 | .52 |
| RSA | 1 | 24/24 | 0.80 (−7.42 to 9.02) | NA | .85 |
CI = confidence interval, ES = effect size, MD = mean difference, NA = not available, PCS = prospective comparative study, RCS = retrospective comparative study, RCT = randomized control trial, RSA = reverse shoulder arthroplasty, TSA = total shoulder arthroplasty.