Table 2.

Comparison of the root-mean-square deviation (RMSD), the median performance error (MDPE) and absolute median performance error (MDAPE) for expiratory concentrations between measured data from volatile anesthesia in patients and calculated data from simulations.

		Patient vs. standard Gas Man model	Patient vs. parameter-matched Gas Man model	P value
RMSD (Desflurane) (% Atm.)	Induction	1.8 (0.4)	0.9 (0.5)	.001
	Maintenance	0.07 (0.02)	0.07 (0.02)	.100
	Elimination	0.7 (0.6)	0.2 (0.2)	.014
RMSD (Sevoflurane) (% Atm.)	Induction	1.2 (0.9)	0.4 (0.4)	.029
	Maintenance	0.06 (0.01)	0.06 (0.01)	.100
	Elimination	0.7 (0.5)	0.2 (0.2)	.008
MDPE (%)	Desflurane	4.7 (3.6)	5.0 (4.0)	.859
	Sevoflurane	∗4.7 (3.3–6.8)	4.2 (0.5)	.694
MDAPE (%)	Desflurane	5.8 (2.2)	6.0 (2.5)	.817
	Sevoflurane	∗9.5 (5.6–10.2)	∗7.6 (4.2–9.0)	.563

IQR = interquartile range, MDAPE = absolute median performance error, MDPE = median performance error, RMSD = root mean square deviation. For data that were not normally distributed (^∗), values are given in median (IQR).