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. 2021 Feb 5;2021:6649142. doi: 10.1155/2021/6649142

Table 3.

Dietary intake at baseline and after 6 months of dietary intervention.

Variable Anti-inflammatory diet group (n = 42) Control diet group (n = 39) Baseline p valueb 6-months p valuec
Baseline 6 months Change (%) p valuea Baseline 6 months Change (%) p valuea
Energy (MJ) 10.0 (2.6) 6.9 (0.5) −31.0 <0.001 11.2 (2.6) 7.6 (0.4) −31.9 <0.001 0.129 <0.001
Protein (%MJ) 17.2 (1.7) 20.6 (2.6) 20.2 <0.001 17.1 (2.0) 21.3 (1.9) 25.0 <0.001 0.872 0.292
Carbohydrate (%MJ) 38.6 (6.1) 35.3 (7.7) −8.6 <0.001 41.6 (4.7) 38.0 (3.7) −8.7 0.535 0.063 0.131
Total fat (%MJ) 42.6 (6.5) 44.0 (6.2) 3.2 0.021 40.3 (3.7) 39.8 (3.7) −1.3 0.005 0.133 0.006
MUFA (%MJ) 17.3 (4.5) 21.4 (6.9) 26.8 <0.001 14.9 (1.8) 16.0 (3.5) 8.3 0.856 0.018 <0.001
PUFA (%MJ) 7.3 (2.1) 8.4 (2.9) 17.4 0.029 7.1 (0.8) 6.5 (1.2) −7.8 0.001 0.677 <0.001
Omega-3 (%MJ) 0.5 (0.3) 0.7 (0.4) 56.8 <0.001 0.3 (0.1) 0.3 (0.1) 0.0 0.109 0.010 <0.001
Omega-6 (%MJ) 0.3 (0.1) 0.3 (0.2) −3.7 0.003 0.3 (0.1) 0.3 (0.1) −3.2 0.159 0.210 0.071
Saturated fat (%MJ) 15.6 (2.9) 11.0 (24.6) −29.5 <0.001 16.6 (2.5) 14.1 (33.8) −14.8 <0.001 0.199 <0.001
Trans fat (%MJ) 0.7 (0.3) 0.7 (0.5) 14.3 0.279 0.7 (0.2) 0.7 (0.3) −9.7 0.214 0.363 0.363
Cholesterol (mg) 380.8 (160.4) 318.5 (175.6) −16.4 0.030 477.6 (463.0) 463.0 (125.6) −3.0 0.643 0.004 <0.001
Fiber (g) 27.4 (11.3) 33.9 (5.2) 23.5 0.002 25.5 (6.7) 28.7 (3.9) 12.7 0.146 0.467 <0.001
Alcohol (%MJ) 1.6 (2.8) 1.6 (2.8) 0.0 0.999 1.1 (1.3) 0.9 (1.3) −12.7 0.006 0.464 0.037
Total polyphenols (mg) 688.4 (240.0) 733.7 (106.0) 6.6 0.019 472.7 (200.8) 740.6 (98.3) 56.7 <0.001 0.002 0.817
Flavan-3-ol (mg) 28.8 (26.8) 15.8 (10.4) −45.1 0.056b 23.4 (12.8) 8.3 (2.4) −64.3 <0.001a 0.807b <0.001b
Flavones (mg) 2.9 (2.03) 5.6 (3.4) 92.4 <0.001a 2.3 (1.4) 3.1 (1.5) 38.3 0.037b 0.366b 0.002a
Flavonols (mg) 147.4 (78.6) 149.4 (6.8) 1.4 0.856a 107.6 (34.8) 74.2 (40.0) −31.0 <0.001a 0.029a <0.001a
Flavonones (mg) 46.1 (37.9) 23.0 (22.9) −50.2 <0.001a 65.6 (74.7) 3.6 (4.0) −94.5 <0.001a 0.856b <0.001b
Anthocyanidins (mg) 24.3 (34.6) 30.0 (28.4) 23.6 0.406a 15.5 (9.3) 24.3 (19.4) 56.4 0.606a 0.873b 0.426a
Isoflavones (mg) 0.4 (0.2) 0.6 (0.3) 55.6 0.864a 0.3 (0.4) 0.6 (0.5) 129.6 0.787a 0.816a 0.374a
DII® −0.5 (2.3) −2.0 (1.0) 283.0 0.002 −0.2 (1.3) −0.3 (1.0) 30.4 0.725 0.579 <0.001

Data are presented as the mean (SD). DII®, Dietary Inflammatory Index. MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids. aComparison within dietary groups (baseline and after 6 months). bBaseline differences between the AID and CD groups. cDifferences after 6 months between the AID and CD groups.