Table 4.
Regression analyses of the liver parameters after 6 months of dietary intervention as dependent variables and changes in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary factors as independent variables in the AID group.a
| Variable changes (Δ) | Anti-inflammatory diet group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD-FLS | FLI | FIB-4 | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||
| β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | |
| Bodyweight (kg) | −0.47 | 0.418 | −1.00 | 0.280 | −0.43 | 0.379 | 0.75 | 0.102 | −0.70 | 0.381 | −1.41 | 0.089 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.49 | 0.739 | −1.95 | 0.291 | −0.79 | 0.530 | −1.44 | 0.111 | −1.75 | 0.401 | −1.59 | 0.222 |
| Fat tissue (%) | −0.39 | 0.098 | −0.21 | 0.282 | −0.09 | 0.582 | −0.09 | 0.265 | −0.11 | 0.672 | −0.35 | 0.070 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (l) | −0.69 | 0.300 | −0.53 | 0.324 | −0.35 | 0.511 | −0.21 | 0.308 | −0.56 | 0.517 | −0.80 | 0.097 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.16 | 0.120 | −0.06 | 0.489 | 0.01 | 0.849 | 0.06 | 0.161 | −0.18 | 0.192 | −0.01 | 0.884 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | 0.15 | 0.985 | −8.06 | 0.318 | −5.14 | 0.462 | −0.44 | 0.867 | −1.71 | 0.876 | −14.21 | 0.073 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | −2.32 | 0.546 | −9.16 | 0.131 | −1.40 | 0.660 | −2.68 | 0.199 | −1.10 | 0.829 | −9.68 | 0.059 |
| DII® | −0.47 | 0.131 | −1.28 | 0.225 | −0.07 | 0.770 | −1.10 | 0.060 | −0.50 | 0.215 | −2.27 | 0.044 |
| Energy (MJ) | 0.01 | 0.392 | −0.01 | 0.204 | −0.39 | 0.706 | −0.01 | 0.067 | 0.01 | 0.436 | −0.01 | 0.042 |
| Proteins (%MJ) | −0.01 | 0.961 | −0.21 | 0.198 | −0.01 | 0.937 | −0.11 | 0.118 | 0.10 | 0.522 | −0.22 | 0.094 |
| Total fat (%MJ) | −0.10 | 0.233 | 0.25 | 0.233 | −0.05 | 0.467 | 0.19 | 0.081 | 0.01 | 0.930 | 0.55 | 0.031 |
| Omega-3 (%MJ) | 0.31 | 0.235 | −0.32 | 0.394 | 0.16 | 0.458 | −0.26 | 0.154 | 0.29 | 0.393 | −0.69 | 0.074 |
| Total polyphenols (mg) | −0.26 | 0.305 | −0.18 | 0.543 | 0.01 | 0.586 | 0.01 | 0.070 | 0.01 | 0.470 | 0.01 | 0.099 |
| Flavan-3-ol (mg) | 0.05 | 0.862 | −0.06 | 0.799 | 0.01 | 0.651 | 0.01 | 0.814 | 0.01 | 0.947 | −0.01 | 0.436 |
| Flavones (mg) | 0.09 | 0.554 | −0.40 | 0.211 | −0.02 | 0.881 | −0.33 | 0.061 | 0.08 | 0.709 | −0.69 | 0.043 |
| Flavonols (mg) | 0.01 | 0.206 | 0.01 | 0.562 | 0.01 | 0.440 | −0.01 | 0.048 | 0.01 | 0.598 | −0.01 | 0.065 |
| Flavonones (mg) | 0.01 | 0.509 | 0.05 | 0.199 | 0.10 | 0.900 | 0.02 | 0.076 | −0.01 | 0.682 | −0.06 | 0.047 |
| Anthocyanidins (mg) | −0.10 | 0.777 | −0.05 | 0.159 | 0.01 | 0.695 | −0.01 | 0.123 | 0.01 | 0.934 | −0.03 | 0.053 |
| Isoflavones (mg) | 0.01 | 0.884 | −0.02 | 0.294 | 0.01 | 0.755 | 0.01 | 0.180 | 0.01 | 0.286 | 0.01 | 0.125 |
aModels were adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, medication use, and obesity comorbidities. Models were not adjusted for total energy intake and dietary supplements because they are the DII® components. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; NAFLD-FLS, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Liver Fat Score; FLI, Fatty Liver Index; FIB-4, Fibrosis Index based on four factors. DII®, Dietary Inflammatory Index; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha.