Table 5.
Regression analyses of the hepatic status parameters after 6 months of dietary intervention as dependent variables and changes in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary factors as independent variables in the CD groupa.
| Variable changes (Δ) | Control diet group | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NAFLD-FLS | FLI | FIB-4 | ||||||||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||||||
| Β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | β | p value | |
| Bodyweight (kg) | −0.05 | 0.819 | −0.04 | 0.752 | −0.03 | 0.605 | 0.03 | 0.599 | 0.10 | 0.750 | −0.10 | 0.706 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.02 | 0.969 | 0.01 | 0.967 | −0.01 | 0.956 | −0.11 | 0.313 | 0.67 | 0.324 | 0.36 | 0.481 |
| Fat tissue (%) | −0.19 | 0.503 | −0.15 | 0.126 | −0.05 | 0.423 | −0.09 | 0.037 | −0.07 | 0.845 | −0.53 | 0.021 |
| Visceral adipose tissue (l) | −0.14 | 0.748 | −0.10 | 0.620 | −0.01 | 0.900 | 0.05 | 0.525 | 1.36 | 0.094 | 0.66 | 0.123 |
| hs-CRP (mg/l) | −0.17 | 0.350 | −0.16 | 0.081 | −0.01 | 0.849 | −0.07 | 0.058 | 0.07 | 0.777 | 0.07 | 0.639 |
| IL-6 (pg/mL) | −0.60 | 0.614 | −0.78 | 0.247 | −0.25 | 0.504 | −0.61 | 0.020 | −2.36 | 0.313 | −0.08 | 0.928 |
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | −1.16 | 0.609 | −0.94 | 0.425 | −0.31 | 0.562 | −0.69 | 0.172 | −5.78 | 0.136 | −2.97 | 0.213 |
| DII® | 0.01 | 0.967 | 0.01 | 0.991 | 0.06 | 0.484 | 0.10 | 0.360 | 0.02 | 0.965 | 0.16 | 0.749 |
| Energy (MJ) | 0.01 | 0.694 | 0.01 | 0.591 | 0.01 | 0.566 | 0.01 | 0.188 | 0.01 | 0.638 | −0.03 | 0.921 |
| Proteins (%MJ) | 0.01 | 0.997 | −0.02 | 0.891 | 0.05 | 0.414 | 0.12 | 0.043 | −0.30 | 0.381 | −0.13 | 0.565 |
| Total fat (%MJ) | −0.01 | 0.944 | −0.01 | 0.891 | 0.01 | 0.631 | 0.03 | 0.331 | −0.21 | 0.186 | −0.19 | 0.179 |
| Omega-3 (%MJ) | 7.98 | 0.431 | 7.27 | 0.142 | 0.77 | 0.734 | 4.03 | 0.059 | −13.45 | 0.354 | −6.38 | 0.460 |
| Total polyphenols (mg) | 0.02 | 0.298 | 0.02 | 0.167 | 0.01 | 0.816 | 0.02 | 0.975 | −0.02 | 0.584 | −0.01 | 0.660 |
| Flavan-3-ol (mg) | 0.02 | 0.708 | 0.02 | 0.613 | 0.01 | 0.480 | 0.02 | 0.181 | −0.11 | 0.205 | −0.05 | 0.402 |
| Flavones (mg) | −0.40 | 0.147 | −0.42 | 0.027 | 0.03 | 0.547 | 0.03 | 0.584 | −0.84 | 0.064 | −0.58 | 0.074 |
| Flavonols (mg) | −0.03 | 0.297 | −0.03 | 0.118 | 0.02 | 0.535 | −0.01 | 0.346 | 0.03 | 0.366 | 0.00 | 0.862 |
| Flavonones (mg) | 0.01 | 0.370 | 0.00 | 0.234 | 0.01 | 0.410 | 0.00 | 0.413 | 0.00 | 0.711 | 0.00 | 0.727 |
| Anthocyanidins (mg) | −0.07 | 0.148 | −0.07 | 0.012 | 0.01 | 0.605 | −0.02 | 0.059 | 0.03 | 0.585 | −0.01 | 0.848 |
| Isoflavones (mg) | 0.05 | 0.930 | 0.01 | 0.891 | 0.21 | 0.204 | 0.18 | 0.188 | −0.98 | 0.288 | −0.05 | 0.402 |
aModels were adjusted by age, sex, physical activity, medication use, and obesity comorbidities. Models were not adjusted for total energy intake and dietary supplements because they are the DII® components. AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; NAFLD-FLS, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Liver Fat Score; FLI, Fatty Liver Index; FIB-4, Fibrosis Index based on four factors. DII®, Dietary Inflammatory Index; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.