Table 1.

Explanations of diabetes technology abbreviations and systems.

Technology	Acronym	Explanation
Real-time continuous glucose monitoring	RT-CGM	This device has a glucose sensor that measures the wearer’s levels of glucose in the interstitial fluid. A signal transmits continuously via radio frequency to a receiver, where the user can see glucose levels in real-time intervals of a few minutes [18,19].
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion	CSII	This form of insulin therapy has been in use for some time. Short-acting insulin is provided through a pump. The dose is adjusted to meet the individual user’s insulin needs, established with experience over time [19].
Cell phone glucose monitoring	CPGM	This cell phone–based system transmits the user’s blood glucose levels to a host computer, which is monitored by a health care professional [20].
Flash glucose monitoring	FGM	This device has a sensor that monitors the user’s levels of glucose in interstitial fluid. The user physically swipes a reader device over the sensor to transmit a real-time glucose level and 8 hours of retrospective data, including a trend line [21,22].
Hybrid closed loop system	HCL	The system is a package comprised of an insulin pump and a CGMa system. It can function in the following two different modes: “auto mode” (CLb) and “manual mode” (HCLc). In CL (auto mode), basal insulin delivery is automatically adjusted in response to CGM levels that are transmitted to the insulin pump. CL is sometimes also called “artificial pancreas” as it requires minimal input from the user. In HCL (manual mode), preprogrammed insulin doses are infused throughout the day, and users must manually deliver bolus doses at meal times and other times to correct blood glucose levels [23,24].
Multiple dose injection therapy	MDI	This system of insulin delivery has been in use for a long time. It involves subcutaneous injections of either long- or rapid-acting insulin. Long-acting insulin is usually injected once or twice daily and rapid-acting insulin is injected at meal times [25].
Sensor-augmented pump therapy	SAPT	This system combines CSII and CGM. The glucose sensor is introduced directly into the CSII, and as the name indicates, augments insulin pump therapy [19].

^acontinuous glucose monitoring.

^bclosed loop.

^chybrid closed loop.