Table 1.
Antiviral activity and mechanism of action of licorice extract in articles published from 2006 to 2020.
| Extract | Method of research | Major finding | Mechanism of actions | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Licorice extract 95% ethanol extract of Glycyrrhiza ‘uralensis’ |
H1N1infected human bronchial epithelial cells (A549). | Inhibition of influenza A virus (H1N1). | Inhibit RANTES secretion. | Ko et al., 2006. |
| Licorice extract | Randomized controlled trials | Reduced hepatocellular damage in chronic hepatitis B and C. | Reduced transport to the membrane. | Fiore et al., 2008. |
| Aqueous extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis. | Human foreskin fibroblast cell line. | Inhibited enterovirus 71. | By preventing viral attachment and penetration. | Kuo et al., 2009. |
| Hot water extracts of licorice | Human Respiratory Tract Cell Lines. | Anti-Viral Activity Against Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Aquous ext., are highly effective against HRSV infection on airway epithelial cells. | By preventing viral attachment, internalization, and by stimulating IFN secretion. | Feng et al., 2013 |
| Licorice extract | HCV cell culture system. | It has anti-HCV more than glycyrrhizin. | Unknown | Adianti et al., 2014 |
| Licorice extract | Cell line | Superiority of alkaline extraction over water extraction as anti-HIV. | Unknown | Ohno et al., 2014 |
| Licorice extract rich Oleanane-Type Triterpene Saponins | MDCK cells | Inhibit many virus. | Inhibition of neuraminidase. | Wei et al., 2014 |
| Licorice extract rich oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins. | Cell line | In vitro anti-influenza virus activity comparable to and even higher than that of oseltamivir. | Suppression of virus release by GL treatment may be due to its inhibitory effect on PLA2G1B. | Song et al., 2014 |
| Alkanine extract & water extract of licorice root | Cells line | Alkaline extract was highly effective against HIV and more than aquous extract. While aquous extract was more effective against HSV-infected cells. |
Unknown | Fukuchi et al., 2016 |
| Licorice extract and bioactive ingredients | Molecular Docking and ADMET Study | Inhibitor SARS-CoV2 while Gl better ADMET. | Potential to be strong inhibitors for Main protease of SARS-CoV2. | Srivastava et al., 2020 |