Table 2.

Results from spatial autoregressive models.^⁎, ^⁎⁎, ^⁎⁎⁎

Variables	OLS (n = 3136)	Spatial lag (n = 3136)	Spatial error (n = 3136)
	Coef. [standard error]	Coef. [standard error]	Coef. [standard error]
Population(logged)	0.774⁎⁎⁎ [0.181]	0.741⁎⁎⁎ [0.180]	0.435⁎⁎ [0.139]
Median household income(logged)	−0.762⁎⁎⁎ [0.181]	−0.759⁎⁎⁎ [0.179]	−0.363⁎⁎ [0.137]
% of poverty	0.041⁎⁎⁎ [0.004]	0.038⁎⁎⁎ [0.004]	0.014⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]
% of Bachelor's degree	0.007 [0.004]	0.008⁎ [0.004]	0.009⁎⁎ [0.003]
% of no health insurance	0.018⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]	0.017⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]	0.006⁎ [0.003]
% of cash assistance recipient	−0.021⁎⁎ [0.008]	−0.014 [0.008]	−0.014⁎ [0.006]
% of SNAP recipient	−0.013⁎⁎ [0.004]	−0.011⁎⁎ [0.004]	−0.004 [0.003]
% of unemployment	−0.047⁎⁎⁎ [0.011]	−0.040⁎⁎⁎ [0.010]	−0.014 [0.008]
% of employment	0.015⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]	0.014⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]	−0.005 [0.003]
% of manufacturing occupations	0.015⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]	0.012⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]	0.010⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]
% of service occupations	0.002 [0.004]	0.004 [0.004]	0.005 [0.003]
% of agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining occupations	0.015⁎⁎⁎ [0.003]	0.008⁎⁎ [0.003]	0.001 [0.002]
% of armed forces	0.003 [0.008]	0.013 [0.007]	−0.010 [0.005]
% of commute by public transportation	0.014⁎⁎ [0.005]	0.009 [0.005]	0.000 [0.005]
% of commute by drove alone	0.011⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]	0.009⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]	0.002 [0.002]
% of commute by walked	−0.050⁎⁎⁎ [0.010]	−0.043⁎⁎⁎ [0.010]	−0.023⁎⁎ [0.007]
% of foreign born	0.017⁎⁎⁎ [0.004]	0.023⁎⁎⁎ [0.004]	0.013⁎⁎ [0.004]
% of Asian	−0.046⁎⁎⁎ [0.006]	−0.039⁎⁎⁎ [0.006]	−0.045⁎⁎⁎ [0.005]
% of Hispanic	−0.002 [0.001]	−0.002 [0.001]	0.009⁎⁎⁎ [0.002]
% of black	0.014⁎⁎⁎ [0.001]	0.013⁎⁎⁎ [0.001]	0.009⁎⁎⁎ [0.001]
% of over 65	0.040⁎ [0.014]	−0.010⁎ [0.005]	−0.023⁎⁎⁎ [0.004]
% of male	0.005 [0.006]	0.004 [0.006]	0.000 [0.005]
Constant	3.728⁎⁎⁎ [0.504]	4.037⁎⁎⁎ [0.652]	6.356⁎⁎⁎ [0.510]
ρWY		0.109⁎⁎⁎ [0.007]
λWε			0.892⁎⁎⁎ [0.013]
-2LOGL		5509.466	3956.928
Akaike info criterion	5797.872	5559.466	4006.928

^⁎P < 0.05.

^⁎⁎P < 0.01.

^⁎⁎⁎P < 0.001.