Table 3.

Biomarkers induced by MI incidence.

Abbreviation	Full name	Characteristics	Remarks	References
ILs	Interleukins	*Targeting IL-1 could be a novel therapy pericarditis associated with inflammasome activation after MI *Related to cardiac remodeling	IL-1Ra may have a predictive effect on MI	(15, 17, 64–66)
IGF-1	Insulin-like growth factor 1	*Reduce adverse cardiac remodeling *Improve ventricular arrhythmia	Cannot be used to diagnose MI	(67–72)
VEGF	Vascular endothelial growth factor	*An independent risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes after AMI *Associate with infarct size in patients with AMI	Different subtypes have various effect	(42, 44, 45)
MMPs	Matrix metalloproteinases	Circulating MMP-28, a predictor for short-term prognosis in patients with MI	–	(73)