Table 1.
Characteristics of caregivers, care receivers and caregiving situations (n = 433), and bivariate correlation with CarerQol-7D utility score
| Variable | Mean (SD) or % | CarerQol-7D utility score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | p-value | |||
| Caregivers | ||||
| Age | 66.2 (13.4) | |||
| Low (< 66 years) | 43.0% | 76.7 | 0.33 | |
| High (≥ 66 years) | 57.0% | 78.4 | ||
| Gender | Male | 34.0% | 79.4 | 0.14 |
| Female | 66.0% | 76.8 | ||
| Years of education | 11.9 (4.5) | |||
| Low (< 13 years) | 56.3% | 76.9 | 0.32 | |
| High (≥ 13 years) | 43.7% | 78.6 | ||
| Occupation | Employed | 28.5% | 79.7 | 0.12 |
| Other | 71.5% | 76.8 | ||
| EQ-5D health problems score | 7.9 (2.9) | |||
| Low (≤ 6) | 38.3% | 85.3 | < 0.01 | |
| Middle (> 6 & < 12) | 50.4% | 75.3 | ||
| High (≥ 12) | 11.3% | 62.2 | ||
| EQ-VAS | 72.0 (18.1) | |||
| ICECAP-O | 0.78 (0.16) | |||
| Care receivers | ||||
| Age | 77.8 (7.8) | |||
| Low (< 78 years) | 78.1% | 77.4 | 0.65 | |
| High (≥ 78 years) | 21.9% | 78.4 | ||
| Gender | Male | 44.8% | 75.0 | < 0.01 |
| Female | 55.2% | 79.8 | ||
| Years of education | 9.8 (4.5) | |||
| Low (< 13 years) | 75.5% | 77.8 | 0.68 | |
| High (≥ 13 years) | 24.5% | 77.0 | ||
| Occupation | Retired | 92.6% | 77.9 | 0.21 |
| Other | 7.4% | 73.9 | ||
| EQ-5D health problems score | 7.9 (2.9) | |||
| Low (≤ 6) | 39.3% | 78.3 | 0.12 | |
| Middle (> 6 & < 12) | 46.4% | 78.4 | ||
| High (≥ 12) | 14.3% | 73.5 | ||
| CDR | Mild (= 1) | 79.2% | 78.8 | < 0.01 |
| Moderate or severe (> 1) | 20.8% | 73.3 | ||
| MMSE | 19.0 (5.0) | |||
| Mild (> 20) | 38.3% | 78.3 | 0.13 | |
| Moderate (10–20) | 57.2% | 77.9 | ||
| Severe (< 10) | 4.5% | 69.2 | ||
| NPI-Q | 7.8 (5.5) | |||
| Low (0–7) | 54.1% | 82.0 | < 0.01 | |
| High (8–30) | 45.9% | 72.9 | ||
| IADLS | 3.4 (2.0) | |||
| Independent (5–8) | 26.7% | 82.9 | < 0.01 | |
| Dependent (≤ 4) | 73.3% | 75.9 | ||
| PSMS | 3.6 (1.9) | |||
| Independent (4–8) | 42.4% | 81.4 | < 0.01 | |
| Dependent (0–4) | 57.6% | 74.9 | ||
| Hospital days (RUD) | 0.20 (1.7) | |||
| None | 96.5% | 77.7 | 0.36 | |
| One or more | 3.5% | 73.5 | ||
|
Healthcare professional visits (RUD) |
1.5 (2.1) | |||
| None | 27.6% | 79.4 | < 0.01 | |
| One | 38.8% | 79.5 | ||
| Two or more | 33.6% | 73.9 | ||
| Home care visits (RUD) | 9.1 (39.3) | |||
| None | 74.4% | 77.6 | 0.85 | |
| One or more | 25.6% | 77.3 | ||
| Unmet care needs (CANE) | 1.8 (2.0) | |||
| None (0) | 35.6% | 80.6 | < 0.01 | |
| Low (1 or 2) | 36.2% | 78. 0 | ||
| High (3 or more) | 28.2% | 73.4 | ||
| Caregiving situation | ||||
|
Relationship with care recipient |
Spouse or partner | 63.0% | 76.7 | 0.14 |
| Other | 37.0% | 79.3 | ||
|
Care recipient lives with caregiver |
No | 28.6% | 80.4 | 0.03 |
| Yes | 71.4% | 76.5 | ||
|
Caregiving time in hours per day (RUD) |
6.0 (5.6) | |||
| ≤ 1 h | 22.5% | 82.4 | < 0.01 | |
| > 1 & ≤ 4 h | 29.1% | 77.0 | ||
| > 4 & ≤ 8 h | 19.8% | 77.2 | ||
| > 8 h | 28.6% | 73.0 | ||
CarerQol-7D Care-related Quality of Life instrument-7D, SD standard deviation, EQ-5D EuroQol-5D, CDR clinical dementia rating, MMSE mini-mental state examination, NPI-Q neuropsychiatric inventory, IADLS Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale, PSMS Physical Self-Maintenance Scale, RUD resource use in dementia, CANE Camberwell assessment of need for the elderly