Figure 3.

T-tropic HIV infection is more efficient through cell-to-cell than through cell-free transmission to MDMs and AMs. (A) MDMs were matured for 7 days or AMs were adhered for 1 h. CD4+ T cells were activated with PHA for 3 days, infected with HIV JR-CSF or 89.6 at a MOI of 0.2 overnight, washed, and cultured for 4 days, when approximately 10% of T cells were HIV Gag+ by flow cytometry. After the T cells were centrifuged, the supernatant from CD4+ T cells was used for the SN condition. The pellet of CD4+ T cells was resuspended and added directly (CTC) or across a transwell (TW) for 3 h and washed, using a ratio of 1:1 T cell:macrophage. (B–E) Supernatants from (B, D ) MDMs or (C, E) AMs were collected and HIV p24 was measured by ELISA. p value shows the value for cell-to-cell vs. supernatant conditions at the given timepoint using a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; n = 6 for MDMs and AMs. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001.