Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) harness the body’s immune system against tumours. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a side effect of this mechanism of action.

Endocrinopathies are some of the most common irAEs The occurrence of irAEs are more common in patients with pre-existing autoimmune diseases (ADs) than in patients without.

Use of immunosuppressants 2–4 weeks prior to and throughout ICI treatment has been proven to be effective in preventing exacerbations of pre-existing ADs.

A personalised approach in the use of ICIs is thus required and highlights the importance of inter-disciplinary collaboration between clinical oncology and ophthalmology.