Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
| Total (n = 4905) | Men (n = 2156) | Women (n = 2749) | P Difference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 65.11 ± 8.72 | 64.86 ± 8.45 | 65.31 ± 8.92 | 0.074 |
| Ethnicity (white European) | 4853 (98.9%) | 2133 (98.8%) | 2720 (99.0%) | 0.68 |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| Lower | 1586 (32.3%) | 559 (25.9%) | 1027 (37.4%) | |
| Intermediate | 1950 (39.7%) | 815 (37.8%) | 1135 (41.3%) | |
| Higher | 1370 (27.9%) | 784 (36.3%) | 586 (21.3%) | |
| Wealth: | <0.001 | |||
| Lowest | 663 (13.5%) | 245 (11.4%) | 418 (15.2%) | |
| 2 | 862 (17.6%) | 358 (16.6%) | 506 (18.4%) | |
| 3 | 997 (20.3%) | 426 (19.7%) | 571 (20.8%) | |
| 4 | 1142 (23.3%) | 531 (24.6%) | 611 (22.2%) | |
| Highest | 1240 (25.3%) | 598 (27.7%) | 642 (23.4%) | |
| Marital status (married) | 3421 (69.7%) | 1725 (79.9%) | 1696 (61.7%) | <0.001 |
| Depression (significant symptoms) | 552 (11.3%) | 169 (7.8%) | 383 (13.9%) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | 2.28 ± 1.24 | 2.46 ± 1.20 | 2.13 ± 1.25 | <0.001 |
| Loneliness (wave 2) | 1448 (29.5%) | 544 (25.3%) | 903 (32.9%) | <0.001 |
| Loneliness (wave 4) | 1563 (31.9%) | 574 (26.6%) | 989 (36.0%) | <0.001 |
| Mod/severe pain (wave 2) | 1208 (24.6%) | 413 (19.1%) | 795 (28.9%) | <0.001 |
| Mod/severe pain (wave 4) | 1370 (27.9%) | 470 (21.8%) | 900 (32.8%) | <0.001 |
| C-reactive protein ≥ 3 mg/L | 1162 (31.9%) | 437 (26.9%) | 725 (35.9%) | <0.001 |