Table 2:
Factors associated with confirmed virologic failure in patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients | Total virologic failures(%) | OR | 95% CI | P | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Total | 1378 | 101 | ||||||
| Age at switch to second-line ART (years) | 0.547 | |||||||
| ≤30 | 290 | 21(21) | 1 | |||||
| 31–40 | 645 | 50(50) | 1.08 | (0.63, 1.83) | 0.785 | |||
| 41–50 | 337 | 26(26) | 1.07 | (0.59, 1.95) | 0.822 | |||
| >50 | 106 | 4(4) | 0.50 | (0.17, 1.50) | 0.217 | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1023 | 69(69) | 1 | |||||
| Female | 355 | 32(32) | 1.37 | (0.88, 2.12) | 0.159 | |||
| HIV mode of exposure | 0.002 | 0.001 | ||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 964 | 89(89) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Male-male sex | 134 | 4(4) | 0.30 | (0.11, 0.84) | 0.021 | 0.29 | (0.10, 0.83) | 0.020 |
| Injecting drug use | 172 | 4(4) | 0.23 | (0.08, 0.65) | 0.005 | 0.22 | (0.08, 0.60) | 0.003 |
| Other/Unknown | 108 | 4(4) | 0.38 | (0.14, 1.05) | 0.062 | 0.39 | (0.14, 1.09) | 0.073 |
| CD4 at switch to second-line (cells/μL) | 0.061 | 0.020 | ||||||
| ≤50 | 298 | 24(24) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| 51–100 | 209 | 17(17) | 1.01 | (0.53, 1.93) | 0.974 | 0.97 | (0.50, 1.86) | 0.923 |
| 101–200 | 217 | 10(10) | 0.55 | (0.26, 1.18) | 0.125 | 0.48 | (0.22, 1.03) | 0.058 |
| >200 | 304 | 11(11) | 0.43 | (0.21, 0.89) | 0.023 | 0.36 | (0.17, 0.77) | 0.008 |
| Not reported | 350 | 39(39) | ||||||
| Second-line ART Regimen | 0.200 | |||||||
| NRTI+PI | 1281 | 95(95) | 1 | |||||
| Integrase inhibitor combination | 78 | 3(3) | 0.50 | (0.15, 1.61) | 0.246 | |||
| Other combination | 19 | 3(3) | 2.34 | (0.67, 8.18) | 0.183 | |||
| Reason for switching to second-line ART | 0.075 | |||||||
| Virologic failure only | 873 | 75(75) | 1 | |||||
| Immunologic failure only | 51 | 1(1) | 0.21 | (0.03, 1.56) | 0.128 | |||
| Virologic and immunologic failure | 221 | 15(15) | 0.77 | (0.44, 1.38) | 0.384 | |||
| *Other reasons | 233 | 10(10) | 0.48 | (0.24, 0.94) | 0.032 | |||
| World Bank country income group | ||||||||
| Lower + upper middle | 1267 | 95(95) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 111 | 6(6) | 0.70 | (0.30, 1.65) | 0.420 | 1.34 | (0.54, 3.29) | 0.526 |
P-values in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Global p-values are test for heterogeneity excluding missing values.
World Bank country income group was included in the multivariate model a priori.
NRTI: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; PI: Protease Inhibitor.
*
Other reasons include clinical failure only; virologic and clinical failure; immunologic and clinical failure; and virologic, immunologic and clinical failure