Table 3:
Factors associated with a single VL >1000 copies/mL in patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy
| Univariate | Multivariate | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total patients | Total with VL >1000(%) | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Total | 1378 | 248 | ||||||
| Age at switch to second-line ART (years) | 0.009 | |||||||
| ≤30 | 290 | 39(16) | 1 | |||||
| 31–40 | 645 | 117(47) | 1.43 | (0.96, 2.11) | 0.076 | |||
| 41–50 | 337 | 78(31) | 1.94 | (1.27, 2.96) | 0.002 | |||
| >50 | 106 | 14(6) | 0.98 | (0.51, 1.89) | 0.950 | |||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1023 | 183(74) | 1 | |||||
| Female | 355 | 65(26) | 1.03 | (0.75, 1.41) | 0.859 | |||
| HIV mode of exposure | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Heterosexual contact | 964 | 216(87) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Male-male sex | 134 | 10(4) | 0.28 | (0.14, 0.54) | <0.001 | 0.32 | (0.17, 0.64) | 0.001 |
| Injecting drug use | 172 | 9(4) | 0.19 | (0.10, 0.38) | <0.001 | 0.24 | (0.12, 0.49) | <0.001 |
| Other/Unknown | 108 | 13(5) | 0.47 | (0.26, 0.86) | 0.015 | 0.50 | (0.27, 0.91) | 0.024 |
| CD4 at switch to second-line (cells/μL) | 0.446 | |||||||
| ≤50 | 298 | 39(16) | 1 | |||||
| 51–100 | 209 | 32(13) | 1.20 | (0.72, 1.99) | 0.478 | |||
| 101–200 | 217 | 37(15) | 1.37 | (0.84, 2.22) | 0.212 | |||
| >200 | 304 | 38(15) | 0.95 | (0.59, 1.53) | 0.829 | |||
| Not reported | 350 | 102(41) | ||||||
| Second-line ART Regimen | 0.623 | |||||||
| NRTI+PI | 1281 | 233(94) | 1 | |||||
| Integrase inhibitor combination | 78 | 11(4) | 0.74 | (0.38, 1.42) | 0.363 | |||
| Other combination | 19 | 4(2) | 1.20 | (0.39, 3.65) | 0.749 | |||
| Reason for switching to second-line ART | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||||
| Virologic failure only | 873 | 203(82) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Immunologic failure only | 51 | 1(0) | 0.07 | (0.01, 0.48) | 0.007 | 0.09 | (0.01, 0.66) | 0.018 |
| Virologic and immunologic failure only | 221 | 27(11) | 0.46 | (0.30, 0.71) | <0.001 | 0.55 | (0.35, 0.86) | 0.009 |
| *Other reasons | 233 | 17(7) | 0.26 | (0.15, 0.44) | <0.001 | 0.28 | (0.17, 0.47) | <0.001 |
| World Bank country income group | ||||||||
| Lower + upper middle | 1267 | 241(97) | 1 | 1 | ||||
| High | 111 | 7(3) | 0.29 | (0.13, 0.62) | 0.002 | 0.38 | (0.17, 0.84) | 0.017 |
P-values in bold represent significant covariates in the final model. Global p-values are test for heterogeneity excluding missing values.
World Bank country income group was included in the multivariate model a priori.
NRTI: Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor; PI: Protease Inhibitor
*
Other reasons include clinical failure only; virologic and clinical failure; immunologic and clinical failure; and virologic, immunologic and clinical failure