Table 4B.

Clinical trials of CD40L antagonist therapy

Drug	Feature	Phase	Disease	Outcome	PMID/Identifier
BG9588	Humanized mAb	1	Proliferative lupus nephritis	Thromboembolic events; Effective	12632425
		1	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Thromboembolic events; Effective	14617752
IDEC-131	Humanized mAb	1, 2	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Safe; Noneffective	11196549 12483729
		1	Refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura	Safe; Effective	14551140 18341638
Dapirolizumab	Humanized mAb Fab	1	Systemic lupus erythematosus	Safe; Effective	28780512
AT-1501	Fc-engineered humanized mAb	2a	Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis	Unpublished	NCT04322149
BMS-986004	Fc-engineered humanized mAb	1/2	Acute graft-versus-host disease	Unpublished	NCT03605927
VIB4920	Engineered human protein	1	Rheumatoid arthritis	Safe; Effective	31019027

Abbreviations: CD40L, CD40L ligand; Fab, antigen-binding fragment; Fc, constant fragment; mAb: monoclonal antibody.