Table 2.

Summary of approaches for managing sepsis conditions that could be explored for COVID-19 management.

Condition	Proposed approaches	Remark on whether approved by sepsis campaign alliance paper
Immunosuppression	Blocking of immune checkpoints, particularly, PD-1/PDL-1, to restore immune competence in COVID-19 patients	#
Hyperinflammatory response	Assessing parameters like, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, plasma viscosity, IL-6, IL-8, procalcitonin, plasma ferritin, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin could provide insight on the patient’s hyperinflammatory status	#
	Use of immune-boosting approaches such as vitamins, antioxidants, and other food supplements that are likely to boost immune response should also be considered for managing immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients	#
Hypovolemia leading to hypotension, low tissue perfusion and multiple organ dysfunction	Fluid resuscitation, with the aim of restoring intravascular volume, adequate tissue perfusion, and organ homeostasis	Weakly recommended
	Vasopressors and inodilators	Weakly recommended

^#Surviving Sepsis Campaign document has not made express recommendations about the approaches proposed. Detailed research still required.