TABLE 4.
Relationships between regional brain volumes and metabolites with age in the model.
| Frontal voxel |
Parietal voxel |
||||||||||||
| ROI | β | SE | Multiple R2 | Adjusted R2 | F | p | ROI | β | SE | Multiple R2 | Adjusted R2 | F | p |
| Cortical regions | Cortical regions | ||||||||||||
| Parahippocampus | 0.17 | 0.14 | F(3, 113) = 7.57 | 1.17 × 10–4 | Parahippocampus | 0.15 | 0.14 | F(2, 114) = 10.22 | 2.51 × 10–8 | ||||
| NAA | 1.35 × 10–4 | 5.80 × 10–5 | 0.02 | Cho | −8.97 × 10–5 | 4.67 × 10–5 | 0.06 | ||||||
| Cr | −1.07 × 10–4 | 5.71 × 10–5 | 0.06 | Age | −1.77 × 10–4 | 4.67 × 10–5 | 2.41 × 10–4 | ||||||
| Age | −1.64 × 10–4 | 4.74 × 10–5 | 7.78 × 10–4 | ||||||||||
| Insula | 0.07 | 0.06 | F(1, 115) = 9.00 | 3.32 × 10–3 | Insula | 0.18 | 0.15 | F(4, 112) = 6.10 | 1.78 × 10–4 | ||||
| Age | −4.13 × 10–4 | 1.38 × 10–4 | 3.32 × 10–3 | NAA | −1.31 × 10–4 | 1.73 × 10–4 | 0.45 | ||||||
| Cho | −3.16 × 10–4 | 1.49 × 10–4 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| Cr | −1.71 × 10–4 | 1.79 × 10–4 | 0.34 | ||||||||||
| Age | −3.45 × 10–4 | 1.33 × 10–4 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Anterior cingulate | 0.11 | 0.11 | F(1, 115) = 14.93 | 1.85 × 10–4 | Anterior cingulate | 0.17 | 0.15 | F(2, 114) = 11.37 | 3.14 × 10–5 | ||||
| Age | −3.49 × 10–4 | 9.02 × 10–5 | 1.85 × 10–4 | Cho | −2.35 × 10–4 | 8.88 × 10–5 | 9.16 × 10–3 | ||||||
| Age | −3.16 × 10–4 | 8.88 × 10–5 | 5.42 × 10–4 | ||||||||||
| Entorhinal cortex | 0.09 | 0.06 | F(1, 115) = 2.78 | 0.01 | Entorhinal cortex | 0.10 | 0.07 | F(3, 113) = 3.97 | 9.85 × 10–3 | ||||
| Age | −1.14 × 10–4 | 4.58 × 10–5 | 0.01 | Glx | 7.88 × 10–5 | 4.70 × 10–5 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Cho | −9.69 × 10–5 | 4.75 × 10–5 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| Age | −1.02 × 10–4 | 4.56 × 10–5 | 0.02 | ||||||||||
| Subcortical regions | Subcortical regions | ||||||||||||
| Amygdala | 0.29 | 0.28 | F(1, 115) = 46.28 | 4.87 × 10–10 | Amygdala | 0.31 | 0.29 | F(2, 114) = 25.23 | 8.50 × 10–10 | ||||
| Age | −2.39 × 10–4 | 3.51 × 10–5 | 4.87 × 10–10 | Cho | −6.34 × 10–5 | 3.51 × 10–5 | 0.07 | ||||||
| Age | −2.30 × 10–4 | 3.51 × 10–5 | 1.69 × 10–9 | ||||||||||
| Corpus callosum | 0.24 | 0.22 | F(3, 113) = 11.96 | 7.39 × 10–7 | Corpus callosum | 0.18 | 0.17 | F(1, 115) = 24.95 | 2.12 × 10–6 | ||||
| NAA | 1.01 × 10–4 | 5.22 × 10–5 | 0.06 | Age | −2.14 × 10–4 | 4.28 × 10–5 | 2.12 × 10–6 | ||||||
| Cr | −1.57 × 10–4 | 5.14 × 10–5 | 2.85 × 10–3 | ||||||||||
| Age | −1.92 × 10–4 | 4.26 × 10–5 | 1.59 × 10–5 | ||||||||||
| Caudate | 0.11 | 0.09 | F(3, 113) = 4.68 | 4.03 × 10–3 | Caudate | 0.09 | 0.07 | F(2, 114) = 5.50 | 5.25 × 10–3 | ||||
| NAA | 2.20 × 10–4 | 9.45 × 10–5 | 0.02 | Cr | −1.71 × 10–4 | 7.61 × 10–5 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Cr | −2.49 × 10–4 | 9.31 × 10–5 | 8.48 × 10–3 | Age | −1.68 × 10–4 | 7.61 × 10–5 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Age | −1.40 × 10–4 | 7.72 × 10–5 | 0.07 | ||||||||||
| Hippocampus | 0.23 | 0.22 | F(1, 115) = 34.47 | 4.28 × 10–8 | Hippocampus | 0.26 | 0.25 | F(2, 114) = 20.49 | 2.51 × 10–8 | ||||
| Age | −5.01 × 10–4 | 8.54 × 10–5 | 4.28 × 10–8 | Cho | −1.94 × 10–4 | 8.46 × 10–5 | 0.02 | ||||||
| Age | −4.74 × 10–4 | 8.46 × 10–5 | 1.47 × 10–7 | ||||||||||
| Thalamus | 0.28 | 0.27 | F(1, 115) = 44.38 | 9.76 × 10–10 | Thalamus | 0.32 | 0.31 | F(2, 114) = 27.21 | 2.19 × 10–10 | ||||
| Age | −7.93 × 10–4 | 1.19 × 10–4 | 9.76 × 10–10 | Cho | −3.21 × 10–4 | 1.17 × 10–4 | 7.09 × 10–3 | ||||||
| Age | −7.49 × 10–4 | 1.17 × 10–4 | 3.49 × 10–9 | ||||||||||
| Pallidum | 0.11 | 0.10 | F(1, 115) = 13.72 | 3.27 × 10–4 | Pallidum | 0.17 | 0.15 | F(2, 114) = 11.58 | 2.65 × 10–5 | ||||
| Age | −1.65 × 10–4 | 4.46 × 10–5 | 3.27 × 10–4 | Cho | −1.28 × 10–4 | 4.37 × 10–5 | 4.21 × 10–3 | ||||||
| Age | −1.48 × 10–4 | 4.37 × 10–5 | 9.78 × 10–4 | ||||||||||
| Putamen | 0.22 | 0.19 | F(4, 112) = 7.94 | 1.14 × 10–5 | Putamen | 0.20 | 0.18 | F(3, 113) = 9.33 | 1.47 × 10–5 | ||||
| Glx | −1.51 × 10–4 | 1.18 × 10–4 | 0.20 | Cho | −1.09 × 10–4 | 1.14 × 10–4 | 0.34 | ||||||
| NAA | 3.89 × 10–4 | 1.40 × 10–4 | 6.36 × 10–3 | Cr | −1.74 × 10–4 | 1.14 × 10–4 | 0.13 | ||||||
| Cr | −2.85 × 10–4 | 1.25 × 10–4 | 0.02 | Age | −4.50 × 10–4 | 1.03 × 10–4 | 2.73 × 10–5 | ||||||
| Age | −4.10 × 10–4 | 1.04 × 10–4 | 1.41 × 10–4 | ||||||||||
| Global measures | Global measures | ||||||||||||
| Cortical gray matter | 0.27 | 0.25 | F(4, 112) = 10.53 | 2.80 × 10–7 | Cortical gray matter | 0.27 | 0.26 | F(2, 114) = 21.48 | 1.22 × 10–8 | ||||
| NAA | 0.01 | 4.48 × 10–3 | 0.02 | Cho | −0.01 | 3.54 × 10–3 | 4.33 × 10–3 | ||||||
| Cho | −4.65 × 10–3 | 4.59 × 10–3 | 0.31 | Age | −0.02 | 3.54 × 10–3 | 3.46 × 10–7 | ||||||
| Cr | −8.40 × 10–3 | 5.12 × 10–3 | 0.10 | ||||||||||
| Age | −0.02 | 3.64 × 10–3 | 1.19 × 10–6 | ||||||||||
| Subcortical gray matter | 0.25 | 0.23 | F(3, 113) = 12.74 | 3.11 × 10–7 | Subcortical gray matter | 0.25 | 0.24 | F(2, 114) = 19.21 | 6.68 × 10–7 | ||||
| NAA | 1.28 × 10–3 | 6.14 × 10–4 | 0.04 | Cho | −1.23 × 10–3 | 4.91 × 10–4 | 0.01 | ||||||
| Cr | −1.44 × 10–3 | 6.05 × 10–4 | 0.02 | Age | −2.58 × 10–3 | 4.91 × 10–4 | 26.68 × 10–7 | ||||||
| Age | −2.50 × 10–3 | 5.02 × 10–4 | 2.34 × 10–6 | ||||||||||
| Cortical white matter | 0.36 | 0.34 | F(3, 113) = 21.27 | 5.38 × 10–11 | Cortical white matter | 0.34 | 0.33 | F(2, 114) = 28.99 | 6.64 × 10–11 | ||||
| NAA | 9.79 × 10–3 | 4.33 × 10–3 | 0.03 | Cho | −5.82 × 10–3 | 3.52 × 10–3 | 0.10 | ||||||
| Cr | −0.01 | 4.27 × 10–3 | 0.02 | Age | −0.03 | 3.52 × 10–3 | 9.58 × 10–11 | ||||||
| Age | −0.02 | 3.54 × 10–3 | 5.74 × 10–10 | ||||||||||
Variables reported were selected by the adaptive LASSO as important predictors of regional volumes. Absolute metabolite measures are included. Volumetric measures have been adjusted by total intracranial volume. Adjusted R2 values are for the whole model fit.