Table 2.
Metabolic disease risk factors
| Variables | Premenopausal (n = 43) |
Postmenopausal (n = 22) |
Men (n = 10) |
P-value Time |
P-value Group × Time |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | Baseline | Week 12 | |||
| Body weight (kg) | 97 ± 15 | 92 ± 15 | 87 ± 11 | 81 ± 10 | 110 ± 19 | 104 ± 19 | <0.001 | 0.26 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36 ± 6 | 35 ± 6 | 34 ± 4 | 32 ± 3 | 35 ± 6 | 33 ± 6 | <0.001 | 0.33 |
| Fat mass (kg) | 45 ± 11 | 42 ± 11 | 38 ± 7 | 34 ± 7 | 40 ± 15 | 35 ± 14 | <0.001 | 0.21 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 50 ± 7 | 48 ± 7 | 47 ± 6 | 45 ± 5 | 67 ± 9 | 66 ± 9 | <0.001 | 0.30 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 92 ± 12 | 92 ± 10 | 92 ± 10 | 94 ± 10 | 96 ± 15 | 93 ± 10 | 0.63 | 0.33 |
| Insulin (μlU/mL) | 18 ± 14 | 13 ± 9 | 11 ± 4 | 9 ± 5 | 20 ± 7 | 15 ± 8 | 0.02 | 0.26 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.1 ± 3.7 | 3.0 ± 2.2 | 2.5 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 4.7 ± 1.7 | 3.4 ± 2.1 | 0.02 | 0.27 |
| LDL chol. (mg/dl) | 107 ± 33 | 108 ± 34 a | 129 ± 27 | 116 ± 28 b | 120 ± 26 | 107 ± 25 ab | 0.004 | 0.01 |
| HDL chol. (mg/dl) | 56 ± 14 | 55 ± 12 | 61 ± 14 | 56 ± 14 | 48 ± 8 | 46 ± 8 | 0.06 | 0.52 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 90 ± 51 | 94 ± 46 | 120 ± 55 | 108 ± 53 | 136 ± 76 | 124 ± 56 | 0.30 | 0.31 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 124 ± 17 | 121 ± 18 | 125 ± 15 | 117 ± 14 | 125 ± 8 | 119 ± 13 | 0.007 | 0.39 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 83 ± 14 | 80 ± 11 | 85 ± 12 | 76 ± 10 | 91 ± 22 | 85 ± 20 | <0.001 | 0.16 |
| Heart rate (bpm) | 76 ± 12 | 74 ± 10 | 70 ± 8 | 68 ± 9 | 74 ± 7 | 76 ± 10 | 0.87 | 0.51 |
Values are expressed as means ± SD. BP: Blood pressure, HOMA-IR: Homeostatic Model Assessment-Insulin Resistance.
P-value: Repeated measures ANOVA with groups (premenopausal women, postmenopausal women and men) as the between-subject factor and time (baseline and week 12) as the within-subject factor. Means not sharing a common letter are significantly different (group × time interaction).