Table 3:

Final multivariable conditional logistic regression models for ischemic optic neuropathy in spinal fusion patients in the Clinformatics® Data Mart database using the matched control sample and considering all available information

	All available data				Pre-admission data only
	Model 1 Peri-operative stroke included		Model 2 Peri-operative stroke excluded		Model 3 No peri-operative data
Variable	β coefficient	odds ratio (adjusted)	β coefficient	odds ratio (adjusted)	β coefficient	odds ratio (adjusted)
Age 57–65 years	0.63	1.88	0.69	1.99	0.72	2.05
Male	0.46	1.58	0.53	1.70	0.68	1.97
Diabetes with complications	0.62 0.90		0.77 0.99		0.55 0.73	1.73 2.08
Diabetes without complications		1.86 2.46		2.16 2.69
Anemia	0.31	1.36	0.48	1.62	NS
Hypertension	0.32	1.38	0.24	1.27	0.4	1.49
Hyperlipidemia			0.06	1.06	0.1	1.11
Heart failure	0.15	1.16	0.17	1.19	0.39	1.48
Carotid artery stenosis	0.04	1.04	0.37	1.45	0.37	1.45
Obstructive sleep apnea	NS		NS		0.19	1.21
Peri-operative hemorrhage	0.29	1.34	0.36	1.43	NI
Peri-operative organ damage*	1.62	5.05	1.91	6.75	NI
AUC matched sample	0.75 (0.68, 0.82)		0.74 (0.67–0.81)		0.72 (0.65–0.80)
AUC full sample	0.72 (0.66, 0.78)		0.71(0.65–0.77)		0.69 (0.62–0.75)

β coefficients from the final model with > 0 indicate increased risk for ION and odds ratio >1 when comparing to reference group (e.g., with vs. without disease). Adjusted odds ratio for each variable indicates odds for ION vs. without ION in spinal fusion for subjects with that variable vs without that variable, who are the same status for all other variables in the model.

NS did not reach significance threshold in unadjusted analysis and was therefore not considered for inclusion in the final model

NI not included in unadjusted analysis because variables were defined on a time frame distinct from that considered by the model.