Table 3:
Comparison of Maternal Characteristics by Duration of Residence among Non-Hispanic Black Women in the Boston Birth Cohort (1998–2016)
| Maternal characteristics | Total n = 2372 (%) | US-born n = 1606 (%) | Foreign-born with <10 years n = 539 | Foreign-born with ≥10 years n = 227 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal Age at Delivery (years) | <0.001 | ||||
| <20 | 338(14.3) | 299(18.6) | 18(3.3) | 21(9.2) | |
| 20–34 | 1698(71.6) | 1142(71.1) | 408(75.7) | 148(65.2) | |
| >34 | 336(14.2) | 165(10.3) | 113(21.0) | 58(25.6) | |
| Parity | 0.007 | ||||
| 0 | 993(41.9) | 681(42.4) | 233(43.2) | 79(34.8) | |
| 1 | 667(28.1) | 427(26.6) | 171(31.7) | 69(30.4) | |
| 2+ | 712(30.0) | 498(31.0) | 135(25.1) | 79(34.8) | |
| Chronic Hypertension | 0.460 | ||||
| No | 2187(92.2) | 1481(92.2) | 501(92.9) | 205(90.3) | |
| Yes | 185(7.8 | 125(7.8) | 38(7.1) | 22(9.7) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.001 | ||||
| <25 | 1031(43.5) | 694(43.2) | 234(43.4) | 103(45.4) | |
| 25.0–29.9 | 652(27.5) | 418(26.0) | 170(31.5) | 64(28.2) | |
| ≥30 | 588(24.8) | 443(27.6) | 92(17.1) | 53(23.3) | |
| Missing | 101(4.2) | 51(3.2) | 43(8.0) | 7(3.1) | |
| Diabetes Mellitus | 0.074 | ||||
| No | 2138(90.1) | 1461(91.0) | 472(87.6) | 205(90.3) | |
| Gestational | 136(5.8) | 78(4.9) | 44(8.1) | 14(6.2) | |
| Chronic Diabetes | 98(4.1) | 67(4.1) | 23(4.3) | 8(3.5) | |
| Smoking in index pregnancy | <0.001 | ||||
| No | 2026(85.4) | 1276(79.5) | 530(98.3) | 220(96.9) | |
| Yes | 346(14.6) | 330(20.5) | 9(1.7) | 7(3.1) | |
| Maternal stress (general) | |||||
| mild | 751(31.7) | 413(25.7) | 272(50.5) | 66(29.1) | |
| moderate | 1316(55.5) | 962(59.9) | 220(40.8) | 134(59.0) | <0.001 |
| severe | 305(12.8) | 231(14.4) | 47(8.7) | 27(11.9) | |
| Maternal Education | |||||
| Secondary School or Less | 567(23.9) | 433(27.0) | 100(18.5) | 34(15.0) | <0.001 |
| GED/High School Graduate | 901(38.0) | 631(39.3) | 187(34.7) | 83(36.6) | |
| College Education/Degree | 869(36.6) | 509(31.7) | 250(46.4) | 110(48.4) | |
| Missing | 35(1.5) | 33(2.0) | 2(0.4) | 0(0.00) |
BMI – Body Mass Index
GED – General Education Development