Table 3.

Multiple regression predicting sleep problem from Medical Outcomes Scales by current symptoms, and COVID-19-related grief, worry, and PTSD overall and by pre-existing mental health diagnosis.^a.

Predictor	Total (N = 898)		No Pre-existing Diagnosis (n = 499)		Pre-existing Diagnosis (n = 399)
	Standardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients
	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2	β	ΔR2
Model 1		0.020∗∗∗		0.001		-0.001
Age	0.001		0.000		0.023
Race (ref = white)
Asian	0.024		0.006		0.057
Black	0.020		0.028		0.016
Hispanic or Latinx	0.030		0.010		0.068†
Mixed	−0.005		−0.007		0.007
Other race	0.004		0.004		0.003
Gender (ref = man)
Women	−0.014		−0.023		−0.008
Men (transgender)	−0.009		0.060†		−0.045
Women (transgender)	−0.018		–		−0.036
Self-identify	−0.029		−0.029		−0.046
Income (ref = no income)
< $25,000	0.005		0.012		0.008
$25,000-$49,999	0.072†		0.041		0.114
$50,000-$74,999	0.009		−0.006		0.015
$75,000-$99,999	0.018		0.019		−0.002
$100,000-$124,999	−0.028		−0.050		−0.025
$125,000-$149,999	−0.043†		−0.001		−0.076†
$150,000-$174,999	0.064∗∗		0.060		0.069†
$175,000-$199,999	0.026		0.033		–
$200,000-$249,999	0.011		0.047		−0.020
≥$250,000	−0.016		–		−0.025
Student (ref = no)	−0.019		−0.051		−0.005
Model 2		0.118∗∗∗
Pre-existing diagnosis (ref = no)	0.109∗∗∗		–		–
Model 3		0.441∗∗∗		0.351∗∗∗		0.382∗∗∗
Depression symptoms	0.401∗∗∗		0.393∗∗∗		0.392∗∗∗
Anxiety symptoms	0.061†		0.120∗		0.026
COVID-19-related worry	0.127∗∗∗		0.107∗		0.163∗∗∗
COVID-19-related grief	−0.011		−0.043		0.044
PTSD	0.160∗∗∗		0.112†		0.177∗∗

^†p < 0.1, ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001.

^aAdjusted covariates include age, race, gender, income, student status.